“…The purpose of this study was to monitor irrigations ex vivo with three commonly used endodontic needles and to detect differences in irrigant flow rate, intra-barrel pressure developed, duration of irrigation and volume of irrigant delivered among tested needles. Similar studies have been conducted in the field of neurosurgery to facilitate the design of improved injection equipment (Krebs et al 2005) and in dental anaesthesia, to evaluate the risk of local tissue damage (Pashley et al 1981, Maita & Horiuchi 1984, Shepherd et al 2001, cartridge failure (Whitworth et al 2005) and needle clogging (Rieu et al 1989). Pressure developed during periodontal pocket irrigation has also been studied (Kelly et al 1985).…”