Measurement of pressure and flow rates during irrigation of a root canal <i>ex vivo</i> with three endodontic needles

Boutsioukis, C.; Lambrianidis, T.; Kastrinakis, E. G.; Bekiaroglou, P.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2591.2007.01244.x

Cited by 138 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Studies on the effectiveness of the irrigation examined parameters including anatomy of the root canal geometry, size and curvature, volume, pressure and flow rate of irrigant, the type, design, size, diameter and insertion depth of the irrigation needle (8,13,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effect of Needle Tilting Angle on Irrigant Flow in the Root Canal Using Side-Vented Needle by an Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics Model

2016

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Aim: The Irrigant flow dynamics has strong influence on the root canal cleaning effectiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of needle tilting angle on irrigant flow inside a prepared root canal during final irrigation with a side-vented needle using a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. Methodology: To analyze the irrigant flow a CFD model with tilting angles of 0 and 2 degrees was created. The irrigant flow in the apical root canal was simulated. Computations were carried out for two selected flow rates of 0.26 and 0.78 mL/s to evaluate the velocity and turbulence quantities along the solution domain. Results: In addition to velocity and pressure distribution at the apex, wall shear stress distribution, vorticity and turbulent intensity results were obtained for needle tilting angle of 0 and 2 degrees. In the case of turbulent flows where the flow rate was higher, irrigation is better; however, higher apical pressures were observed for both tilting angles. Although the effect of tilting angle of two degrees for laminar flow was slightly better than zero degrees, the effect of tilting was significant for the turbulent flow case. Wall shear stress distribution, vorticity and turbulent intensity results were consistent with each other. Conclusions: A small tilting angle of 2 degrees had an effect on irrigation effectiveness which could be clearly observed from the wall shear stress, vorticity and velocity distribution results. The velocity distribution results obtained at the symmetry plane should be evaluated with the wall shear stress values together to observe the complete fluid dynamics structure inside the root canal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Effect of Needle Tilting Angle on Irrigant Flow in the Root Canal Using Side-Vented Needle by an Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics Model

2016

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“…Cleaning of oval canals using ultrasonic or sonic Studies that evaluated methods of continuous irrigation found that the pressure and current of the irrigant flowing within the root canal generated a physical effect. 33,34) The EndoVac, a device that combines irrigation and suction of irrigant has been shown to leave significantly lower amounts of cutting residue in the apical area of root canals compared with conventional cleaning using a syringe. [35][36][37] In contrast, a comparison of the RinsEndo, a device for automatic irrigation, with conventional cleaning using a syringe found no significant difference in cleaning capability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Sonic Vibration on the Cleaning Capability of Root Canal Irrigants

Kure

Suehara

Morinaga

et al. 2012

J. Hard Tissue Biology.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the capability of sonic vibration and continuous irrigation with various irrigant solutions to remove the smear layer formed by nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary instruments. Root canals were prepared in 56 single-rooted human mandibular premolars with no dental caries by using NiTi rotary instruments. The teeth were divided into six experimental groups: control (Co) group, irrigated with sterile physiological saline only (8 teeth); SH group, irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution (10 teeth); SC group, irrigated with 3% ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution (10 teeth); Co+Vi group, irrigated with sterile physiological saline along with sonic vibration (8 teeth); SH+Vi group, irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl solution along with sonic vibration (10 teeth); and SC+Vi group, irrigated with 3% EDTA solution along with sonic vibration (10 teeth). The surface walls in the central portion of the coronal and apical halves of the root canals in experimental groups were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the mean numbers of open dentinal tubules after root canal irrigation were calculated. There was no statistically significant difference between the SH and SH+Vi groups, but cleaning capability improved significantly in the coronal area in the SC+Vi group compared with the coronal side in the SC group. In this study, we confirmed that continuous irrigation of the root canals using EDTA along with sonic vibration is effective in removing the smear layer formed by Ni-Ti rotary instruments.

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“…Important considerations are, however, the gauge of the needle used, the concentration of the irrigation solution, and the total volume and methods used. 4 In several studies mentioned in this review, it is not possible to divine all of these details. Also, the in-vitro experimental conditions differ from in-vivo studies in some aspects, among them, the volumes used for disinfection, the accessibility of microbes and the absence of other materials in in-vitro experiments which potentially protect bacteria in vivo.…”

Section: Commentarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Root canal irrigation — which method?

Balto

2007

Evid Based Dent

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Is passive ultrasonic irrigation more effective than syringe irrigation in cleaning the root canal? Data sources Medline and reference lists of relevant articles were consulted. Study selection Papers were quality assessed by two reviewers: only those addressing passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) were included in the review. Data extraction and synthesis A qualitative synthesis describing the mechanism and effects of PUI is described. Results Fifty-four papers were included in the review and a qualitative summary of the findings presented. Conclusions PUI appears to be a possible adjunctive treatment for cleaning the root canal system and may be more effective than syringe irrigation. More research is needed to clarify the underlying physical mechanisms through which PUI works. CommentaryThis is an interesting review of the existing literature which attempts to address the practical issues associated with using PUI at the end of root-canal treatment procedure in the hope of obtaining a cleaner root-canal system. It will certainly alert practitioners to the existence of this approach, which may deliver better biologically prepared root canals, although the review does not present enough evidence to disqualify syringe irrigation.It is well-documented that one of the most important procedures in nonsurgical root-canal treatment and retreatment is chemomechanical preparation of the root canal. 1 Although intracanal procedures accomplish the mechanical portion, it is vital to adopt a complementary approach for biological preparation. The aim of this is to remove the pulp tissue and/ or micro-organisms there, and also remove any smear layer and dentine debris that occur following and/ or during treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) has been widely accepted as the gold-standard irrigation solution since its introduction in endodontics in 1936. As well as bleaching, deodorising and tissue-dissolving properties, 2 NaOCl has been demonstrated to be an effective disinfectant. 3 The technique of applying NaOCl to the root canal system does improve the overall effectiveness of biological preparation. Important considerations are, however, the gauge of the needle used, the concentration of the irrigation solution, and the total volume and methods used. 4 In several studies mentioned in this review, it is not possible to divine all of these details. Also, the in-vitro experimental conditions differ from in-vivo studies in some aspects, among them, the volumes used for disinfection, the accessibility of microbes and the absence of other materials in in-vitro experiments which potentially protect bacteria in vivo. 5 All of these considerations prevent any conclusion that PUI is more effective than syringe irrigation but it does appears that PUI could be an important adjunct in the management of primary endodontic diseases or root canal failures. There is a need for more experimental evidence and systematic reviews to shed light on this procedure. Evidence-Based Dentistry (2007) 8, 5-6. Khaled Balto

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Measurement of pressure and flow rates during irrigation of a root canal ex vivo with three endodontic needles

Cited by 138 publications

References 36 publications

Evaluation of the Effect of Needle Tilting Angle on Irrigant Flow in the Root Canal Using Side-Vented Needle by an Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics Model

Evaluation of the Effect of Needle Tilting Angle on Irrigant Flow in the Root Canal Using Side-Vented Needle by an Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics Model

In vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Sonic Vibration on the Cleaning Capability of Root Canal Irrigants

Root canal irrigation — which method?

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