Pressure sensitivity of side-hole optical fiber sensors

Clowes, John; Syngellakis, S.; Zervas, M.N.

doi:10.1109/68.681509

Cited by 57 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It has been shown that air-hole silica fibers are able to sustain pressures up to 10000 psi [9]. In combination with the high-temperature robustness demonstrated in this Letter, FBG written in microstructured fibers by an ultrafast laser can be an appealing hightemperature pressure-sensing technology for fossil fuel and nuclear energy applications.…”

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confidence: 91%

Ultrafast femtosecond-laser-induced fiber Bragg gratings in air-hole microstructured fibers for high-temperature pressure sensing

et al. 2010

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We present fiber Bragg grating pressure sensors in air-hole microstructured fibers for high-temperature operation above 800°C. An ultrafast laser was used to inscribe Type II grating in two-hole optical fibers. The fiber Bragg grating resonance wavelength shift and peak splits were studied as a function of external hydrostatic pressure from 15 psi to 2000 psi. The grating pressure sensor shows stable and reproducible operation above 800°C. We demonstrate a multiplexible pressure sensor technology for a high-temperature environment using a single fiber and a single-fiber feedthrough. © 2010 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 060.2370, 060.4005, 120.5475, 120.6780. Pressure sensors operated at high temperature above 500°C have many important applications in the energy industry. They ensure safe and efficient energy production during operations of gas turbines, coal boilers, nuclear power plants, and others. The hightemperature environment presents unique challenges to sensing systems. It not only requires robust sensor elements but also demands reliable packaging and wiring techniques rated for high-temperature environments.Fiber-based optical sensors have been considered good candidates for applications within harsh environments. For example, high-temperature pressure sensors based on a Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) have been successfully demonstrated [1,2], and fiber pressure sensors with operating temperatures up to 800°C have been achieved using sapphire fibers [1]. On the other hand, conventional fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are generally considered unsuitable for high-temperature operation. Although FBG pressure sensors have been fabricated using UV laser writing, their operational temperature was limited to below 300°C owing to the poor thermal stability of the UV-induced refractive index change [3,4].In contrast to interferometer-based fiber sensors, FBG-based sensors are readily multiplexible, and the fabrication and the packaging of FBG sensors are relatively simple. They can be produced reliably and in large quantities using a phase mask writing technique. These highly desirable advantages have resulted in significant efforts to improve the hightemperature stability of FBG sensors. In particular, the adaptation of novel fibers, such as nitrogen-doped fiber [5], or novel fabrication techniques, such as ultrafast laser writings [6], has potentially improved the operational temperature of fiber grating devices to be on par with FPI-based sensors, approaching or exceeding 800°C.In this Letter, we apply femtosecond-pulsed ultrafast laser writing to produce high-temperature stable FBG in two-hole fibers for pressure sensing. This work demonstrates a significant improvement of the operational temperature of FBG pressure sensors in air-hole microstructured fiber to over 800°C. A large number of high-temperature FBG pressure sensors in microstructured fibers can be fabricated in one fiber using a simple phase mask approach. The multiplexed fiber sensor array in a single fiber can be serviced by...

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confidence: 91%

Ultrafast femtosecond-laser-induced fiber Bragg gratings in air-hole microstructured fibers for high-temperature pressure sensing

et al. 2010

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“…In side-hole fibers, two holes straddle the fiber core, which cause stress to be distributed anisotropically. These sensors are promising, and are described abundantly in the literature (Clowes et al 1998;Hu et al 2012), but seem to be customized jobs and cannot be considered COTS systems.…”

Section: Cots Birefringence Sensor Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Readiness and Gaps Analysis of Commercial Optical Materials and Measurement Systems for Advanced Small Modular Reactors

Anheier¹,

Suter²,

Qiao³

et al. 2013

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Energy Research and Development Roadmap and industry stakeholders by evaluating optically based instrumentation and control (I&C) concepts for advanced small modular reactor (AdvSMR) applications. These advanced designs will require innovative thinking in terms of engineering approaches, materials integration, and I&C concepts to realize their eventual viability and deployment. The primary goals of this report include:1. Establish preliminary I&C needs, performance requirements, and possible gaps for AdvSMR designs based on best-available published design data.2. Document commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) optical sensors, components, and materials in terms of their technical readiness to support essential AdvSMR in-vessel I&C systems.3. Identify technology gaps by comparing the in-vessel monitoring requirements and environmental constraints to COTS optical sensor and materials performance specifications.4. Outline a future research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) program plan that addresses these gaps and develops optical-based I&C systems that enhance the viability of future AdvSMR designs.The DOE-NE roadmap outlines RD&D activities intended to overcome technical barriers that currently limit advances in nuclear energy. As part of this strategy, DOE-NE is sponsoring research on advanced reactor supportive technologies to reduce the identified barriers. Key challenges that must be overcome include the high capital costs to develop nuclear power plants, maintaining safety performance as the reactor fleet expands, minimizing nuclear waste, and maintaining strong proliferation resistance. AdvSMR designs are a major component of this strategy, because these designs offer a number of unique advantages. The modular and small size of AdvSMR designs naturally lead to reduced capital investments and, potentially, construction savings through factory fabrication. However, new economic and technical challenges accompany the many attractive features offered by AdvSMR designs. Specifically, the modest power output of AdvSMRs does not provide the economy of scale afforded by large reactors. In addition, many of the AdvSMR designs operate at much higher temperatures than lightwater reactors and require instrumentation to withstand harsh, in-vessel environments arising from unconventional, chemically aggressive coolants and unique reactor system configurations.Addressing these I&C challenges will be critically important to the AdvSMR development program to ensure the viability and future success of advanced reactor designs. Solutions will likely be found through evolution of conventional reactor technology, and the development of entirely new concepts. Early pressure/boiling water reactors used conventional I&C technologies (e.g., thermocouples, ionchambers, strain-gauge pressure sensors) to satisfy design requirements. Because these technologies worked well in the relatively low-temperature reactor designs, the demand for alternate I&C technologies was limited. At the time, optical-based reactor monitoring concepts were g...

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“…In 1992, Wang et al demonstrated a hydrostatic pressure sensor combining a special photoelastic material [20], where several nonoptical fiber devices such as polarizers, quarter-wave-plates and GRIN lens ware used in the sensor head. In 1998, a side-hole optical fiber pressure sensor was proposed based on the measurement of the pressure-induced birefringence using a matched low-coherence interferometer [21]. More recently, several all-fiber hydrostatic pressure sensors such as hydrostatic pressure sensors based on all-fiber Sagnac interferometer [22], dual-core fiber [23], or fiber Bragg grating [24] have been proposed, which will be more suitable for applications in a harsh environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrostatic Pressure Sensor Based on Mode Interference of a Few Mode Fiber

Chen¹,

Wu²,

Tse³

et al. 2011

PIER

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Abstract-A novel hydrostatic pressure sensor based on a few mode fiber (FMF) is proposed. The FMF-based hydrostatic pressure sensor is simply formed by splicing a segment of FMF to two segments of single mode fibers, where the FMF is used as the sensing element. The mode interference between LP 01 mode and LP 11 mode of the FMF provides an interference spectrum of the FMF-based hydrostatic pressure sensor which is sensitive to the hydrostatic pressure applied on the FMF. We experimentally show that there is a linear relationship between the hydrostatic pressure and the wavelength shift of the interference spectrum of the FMF-based hydrostatic pressure sensor.

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Pressure sensitivity of side-hole optical fiber sensors

Cited by 57 publications

References 3 publications

Ultrafast femtosecond-laser-induced fiber Bragg gratings in air-hole microstructured fibers for high-temperature pressure sensing

Ultrafast femtosecond-laser-induced fiber Bragg gratings in air-hole microstructured fibers for high-temperature pressure sensing

Technical Readiness and Gaps Analysis of Commercial Optical Materials and Measurement Systems for Advanced Small Modular Reactors

Hydrostatic Pressure Sensor Based on Mode Interference of a Few Mode Fiber

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