Present-day and past (last 25000 years) marine pollen signal off western Iberia

Timing of massive ‘Fleuve Manche’ discharges over the last 350kyr: insights into the European ice-sheet oscillations and the European drainage network from MIS 10 to 2

“…18.3 ka strongly suggest the onset of cold conditions over the North Atlantic (e.g. Elliot et al, 2001;Naughton et al, 2007) and the subsequent re-advance of the European ice masses (e.g. McCabe and Clark, 1998;McCabe et al, 2007) as a response to a freshwater-forced reduction in the THC.…”

Indian monsoon variations during three contrasting climatic periods: The Holocene, Heinrich Stadial 2 and the last interglacial–glacial transition

“…Pollen assemblages preserved in marine sediments located close to river mouths accurately represent an integrated image of the regional vegetation, and therefore climate, in the related hydrological basins (e.g. Dupont and Wyputta, 2003;Heusser, 1985;Naughton et al, 2007). Consequently, the pollen assemblages from the eastern part of the Indian margin are a powerful tool to reconstruct monsoon variability in the CMZ.…”

Historical Climate off the Atlantic Iberian Peninsula

“…Sample preparation procedure for pollen analyses is described in detail at http://www.ephe-15 paleoclimat.com/ephe/Pollen%20sample%20preparation.htm and (Naughton et al, 2007). Pollen and spores were counted using a Nikon light microscope at x550 and x1250 (oil immersion) magnification.…”

“…A minimum of 100 Lycopodium grains, 20 pollen types and 100 pollen grains, excluding the overrepresented Pinus, have been counted (Naughton et al, 2007). Pollen was gathered in two main 20 groups: AP (arboreal pollen) including all trees and shrubs but excluding the overrepresented pine taxa and the semi-desert plants, which groups xerophytic shrubs of semi-desert habitats (Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Ephedra);…”

“…Furthermore, Total Pollen Concentration (TPC), which also reflects the relative quantity of terrestrial material that reaches the marine environment mainly through river discharges, is considered as an independent proxy (Naughton et al, 2007;Naughton et al, 2009). Moreover, pollen production occurs 30 during the spring season and should therefore reflect atmospheric temperature and precipitation during that season (e.g.…”