Present and potential applications of cellulases in agriculture, biotechnology, and bioenergy

Abstract

Cellulase (CEL) presently constitutes a major group of industrial enzyme based on its diverse ranges of utilization. Apart from such current and well-established applications-as in cotton processing, paper recycling, detergent formulation, juice extraction, and animal feed additives-their uses in agricultural biotechnology and bioenergy have been exploited. Supplementation of CELs to accelerate decomposition of plant residues in soil results in improved soil fertility. So far, applying CELs/antagonistic cellulolytic fungi to crops has shown to promote plant growth performance, including enhanced seed germination and protective effects. Their actions are believed mainly to trigger plant defense mechanisms and/or to act as biocontrol agents that mediate disease suppression. However, the exact interaction between the enzymes/fungi and plants has not been clearly elucidated. Under mild conditions, removal of plant cell wall polysaccharides by CELs for protoplast preparation results in reduced protoplast damage and increased viability and yields. CELs have recently shown great potential in enzyme aid extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials before selective extraction through enhancing release of target molecules, especially those associated with the wall matrix. To date, attempts have been made to formulate CEL preparation for cellulosic-based bioethanol production. The high cost of CELs has created a bottleneck, resulting in an uneconomic production process. The utilization of low-cost carbohydrates, strain improvement, and gene manipulations has been alternatively aimed at reducing the cost of CEL production. In this review, we focus on and discuss current knowledge of CELs and their applications in agriculture, biotechnology, and bioenergy.

Potensi Ekosistem Mangrove Sebagai Sumber Bakteri Untuk Produksi Protease, Amilase Dan Selulase

“…Kondisi ini menjadi faktor seleksi alam terhadap keragaman mikrobia yang ada di sedimen mangrove. Seperti diketahui bahwa ekosistem mangrove merupakan sumber berbagai mikrobia yang mampu menghasilkan enzim dan molekul-molekul yang bermanfaat bagi kehidupan manusia, pertanian, perikanan, industri dan bioremediasi (Dourado et al, 2012;Dias et al, 2009 (Phitsuwan, et al, 2013). Protease dimanfaatkan secara beragam pada berbagai industri seperti detergen, kulit, makanan, farmasi, tekstil, dan proses bioremediasi (Hamza, 2017 (Aida, et al, 2014dan Andrianto, 2015.…”

An Overview of Saltpan Halophilic Bacterium

“…Cellulases take an important share in the worldwide enzyme market owed to their various uses including cotton processing, paper recycling, detergent formulation, juice extraction, and animal feed additives for uses in agricultural biotechnology and production of transportation fuel (bioenergy) besides bio based products [35][36][37]. Amongst thermophilic bacteria, Bacillus species producing some extracellular polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes, which consist of cellulose.…”

Periplasmic and extracellular production of cellulase from recombinant Escherichia coli cells

“…Cellulase enzymes, generally provided as a cocktail of endoglucanases (EC 3.2.1.4), exoglucanases (cellobiohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.91) and β‐glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.21), have long been considered one of the most expensive factors in cellulosic ethanol production . Efforts to reduce the cost of cellulase production have focused on a number of variables such as the utilization of low‐cost carbohydrates, strain improvement, and gene manipulations . The high cost of cellulases, which accounts for approximately 40–50% of the total ethanol production cost, still remains a challenge and improvement of cellulase expression has the potential to change the nature of the biofuel industry .…”

“…1 Efforts to reduce the cost of cellulase production have focused on a number of variables such as the utilization of low-cost carbohydrates, strain improvement, and gene manipulations. 2 The high cost of cellulases, which accounts for approximately 40-50% of the total ethanol production cost, 3,4 still remains a challenge and improvement of cellulase expression has the potential to change the nature of the biofuel industry. 5 Although native cellulolytic organisms, particularly fungi like Trichoderma reesei, are widely used for their high levels of cellulase secretion, recombinant enzyme production systems are explored intensely for enhancements in productivity and industrially superior enzymes.…”