Presence of Surfactant Lamellar Bodies in Normal and Diseased Sinus Mucosa

Woodworth, Bradford A.; Smythe, Nancy; Spicer, Samuel S.; Schulte, Bradley A.; Schlosser, Rodney J.

doi:10.1159/000087093

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…However, the presence of cholesteryl esters in native nasal fluid and their identification in the apical secretions of human bronchial epithelial cells suggest that the epithelial cells of the upper airways contribute to the lipids found in nasal fluid. This is also supported by the recent discovery of surfactant lamellar bodies in normal sinus mucosa (38). Nonetheless, we can not exclude transudation of plasma lipids through endothelial cells of the upper respiratory tract (39,40).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Lipids Including Cholesteryl Linoleate and Cholesteryl Arachidonate Contribute to the Inherent Antibacterial Activity of Human Nasal Fluid

Thai¹,

Moshkani²,

Castillo³

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

136

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Mucosal surfaces provide first-line defense against microbial invasion through their complex secretions. The antimicrobial activities of proteins in these secretions have been well delineated, but the contributions of lipids to mucosal defense have not been defined. We found that normal human nasal fluid contains all major lipid classes (in micrograms per milliliter), as well as lipoproteins and apolipoprotein A-I. The predominant less polar lipids were myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acid, cholesterol, and cholesteryl palmitate, cholesteryl linoleate, and cholesteryl arachidonate. Normal human bronchioepithelial cell secretions exhibited a similar lipid composition. Removal of less-polar lipids significantly decreased the inherent antibacterial activity of nasal fluid against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was in part restored after replenishing the lipids. Furthermore, lipids extracted from nasal fluid exerted direct antibacterial activity in synergism with the antimicrobial human neutrophil peptide HNP-2 and liposomal formulations of cholesteryl linoleate and cholesteryl arachidonate were active against P. aeruginosa at physiological concentrations as found in nasal fluid and exerted inhibitory activity against other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These data suggest that host-derived lipids contribute to mucosal defense. The emerging concept of host-derived antimicrobial lipids unveils novel roads to a better understanding of the immunology of infectious diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Lipids Including Cholesteryl Linoleate and Cholesteryl Arachidonate Contribute to the Inherent Antibacterial Activity of Human Nasal Fluid

Thai¹,

Moshkani²,

Castillo³

et al. 2008

The Journal of Immunology

136

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“…Lamellar bodies containing the phospholipid component of surfactant have been identified in the eustachian tube and may contribute to lowering the opening pressure between the nasopharynx and middle ear [12] . In addition, the authors of the present study recently identified surfactant lamellar bodies in human sinus mucosa [13] . The data presented here are the first to demonstrate the expression of SP-A and SP-D in both diseased and normal human sinus tissue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Surfactant Protein A and D in Human Sinus Mucosa: A Preliminary Report

Woodworth¹,

Neal²,

Newton

et al. 2006

ORL

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Introduction: Surfactant-associated proteins (SPs) play a crucial role in the innate defense system and serve as the initial step in the immune response to inhaled pathogens. SP-A and SP-D expression and function are altered in a variety of inflammatory and infectious diseases of the lungs, such as asthma, allergies, and cystic fibrosis, but their presence and function in the sinonasal cavity has not been investigated. The objective of this study was to test our hypothesis that SP-A and SP-D are present in the human sinus. Materials and Methods: Sinus mucosal biopsies were performed in 8 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, pituitary tumors, and cerebrospinal fluid leak repairs. Expression of SP mRNA and protein by the sinus mucosa was detected by RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis, respectively. Results: Analyses of mucosal biopsies from these patients revealed the presence of SP-A and SP-D mRNA and protein in all specimens. Conclusion: SP-A and SP-D are expressed in both normal and diseased human sinus tissue. Understanding the role of SPs in diseased and healthy states may elucidate their possible roles in innate immunity in the upper airway and allow us to develop novel treatments for sinonasal pathologies.

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“…In the airway lumen, surfactant is the main lipid source ascending from the alveolar space, its primary site of production, to the upper airways, where some local production also occurs [49] . Phospholipids comprise the majority of the lipids in surfactant, a lipoprotein complex [50] , and are thought to mainly contribute to reducing lung surface tension and participate in a downregulation of immune responses.…”

Section: Airwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial lipids: Emerging effector molecules of innate host defense

Porter

Daniel²,

Alvarez³

et al. 2015

WJI

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The antimicrobial properties of host-derived derived lipids have become increasingly recognized and evidence is mounting that antimicrobial lipids (AMLs), like antimicrobial peptides, are effector molecules of the innate immune system and are regulated by its conserved pathways. This review, with primary focus on the human body, provides some background on the biochemistry of lipids, summarizes their biological functions, expands on their antimicrobial properties and site-specific composition, presents modes of synergism with antimicrobial peptides, and highlights the more recent reports on the regulation of AML production as well as bacterial resistance mechanisms. Based on extant data a concept of innate epithelial defense is proposed where epithelial cells, in response to microbial products and proinflammatory cytokines and through activation of conserved innate signaling pathways, increase their lipid uptake and up-regulate transcription of enzymes involved in antimicrobial lipid biosynthesis, and induce transcription of antimicrobial peptides as well as cytokines and chemokines. The subsequently secreted antimicrobial peptides and lipids then attack and eliminate the invader, assisted by or in synergism with other antimicrobial molecules delivered by other defense cells that have been recruited to the site of infection, in most of the cases. This review invites

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Presence of Surfactant Lamellar Bodies in Normal and Diseased Sinus Mucosa

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Lipids Including Cholesteryl Linoleate and Cholesteryl Arachidonate Contribute to the Inherent Antibacterial Activity of Human Nasal Fluid

Lipids Including Cholesteryl Linoleate and Cholesteryl Arachidonate Contribute to the Inherent Antibacterial Activity of Human Nasal Fluid

Surfactant Protein A and D in Human Sinus Mucosa: A Preliminary Report

Antimicrobial lipids: Emerging effector molecules of innate host defense

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