Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 in the Ileal Mucosa: Another Evidence for Infection of GI Tract by This Virus

Martinez, I.; Pérez, Lucía Relea; Moya, Marta Calvo

doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.101

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Multiplex immunohistochemistry was performed using an Opal Multiplex fIHC kit (Akoya Bioscience, USA), as we previously described. (7-9) In brief, FFPE tissue samples (4 µm-thick) were labelled with primary antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (Polyclonal), ACE2 (EPR4435(2)), CD14 (EPR3653) and CD68 (PG-M1) (Table 1), followed by appropriate secondary antibodies and Opal fluorophore-conjugated tyramide signal amplification (Akoya Bioscience, USA). Finally, the samples were incubated with the nuclear counterstain spectral DAPI (Akoya Bioscience, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Direct SARS-CoV-2 viral infection of gastrointestinal organs and consequential faecal-oral transmission route is a concern in COVID-19 pathology. SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in stool samples during active and convalescence phase of infection (1, 2), suggesting that faecal-oral viral shedding might occur during COVID-19 convalescence (3). However, no report has yet detected viral antigens within gastrointestinal and hepatic organs during the convalescent phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Residual SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens detected in gastrointestinal and hepatic tissues from two recovered COVID-19 patients

Cheung

Goh

Lim

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Residual SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in stool samples and gastrointestinal tissues during the convalescence phase of COVID-19 infection. This raises concern for persistence of SARS-CoV-2 virus particles and faecal-oral transmissibility in recovered COVID-19 patients. Using multiplex immunohistochemistry, we unexpectedly detected SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens in intestinal and liver tissues, in surgical samples obtained from two patients who recovered from COVID-19. We further validated the presence of virus by RT-PCR and flow cytometry to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in the tissues. These findings might have important implications in terms of disease management and public health policy regarding transmission of COVID-19 via faecal-oral and iatrogenic routes during the convalescence phase.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens detected in gastrointestinal and hepatic tissues from two recovered COVID-19 patients

Cheung

Goh

Lim

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Lately, different authors have reported in literature the possibility, more than suggestive, of a connection between COVID-19 infection and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, considering that, in COVID-19 patients with severe intestinal dysfunction, the presence of virions in fecal, oral, and gastrointestinal samples was found in a range between 2% and 36% [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ]. The most commonly reported intestinal symptoms related to COVID-19 could be mild as nausea and stomach discomfort or more intense such as vomiting and diarrhea [ 27 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Microbiota and Sars-cov-2 Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition as Personalized Medicine against SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Clinical and Oncological Options with a Specific Female Groups Overview

Dellino

Cascardi

Vinciguerra

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is acknowledged that vulnerable people can suffer from mortal complications of COVID-19. Therefore, strengthening the immune system particularly in the most fragile people could help to protect them from infection. First, general nutritional status and food consumption patterns of everyone affect the effectiveness of each immune system. The effects of nutrition could impact the level of intestinal and genital microbiota, the adaptive immune system, and the innate immune system. Indeed, immune system cells and mediators, which are crucial to inflammatory reaction, are in the structures of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins and are activated through vitamins (vit) and minerals. Therefore, the association of malnutrition and infection could damage the immune response, reducing the immune cells and amplifying inflammatory mediators. Both amount and type of dietary fat impact on cytokine biology, that consequently assumes a crucial role in inflammatory disease. This review explores the power of nutrition in the immune response against COVID-19 infection, since a specific diet could modify the cytokine storm during the infection phase. This can be of vital importance in the most vulnerable subjects such as pregnant women or cancer patients to whom we have deemed it necessary to dedicate personalized indications.

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“…9 However, positive RT-PCR results were not only found from respiratory tract specimen but also from gastrointestinal tract specimens like feces (29% -53.42% positivity rate), anal swab, and endoscopic biopsy specimens from the stomach, duodenum, ileum, and rectum. [10][11][12][13] The RT-PCR test using an anal swab has a good specificity for confirming COVID-19 cases, which is 93.8%. 12 The role of anal swab sampling during the COVID-19 pandemic is getting more attention from researchers for several reasons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between anal swab PCR for SARS-CoV-2 with gastrointestinal clinical manifestations and severity of COVID-19 infection in Indonesia

et al. 2023

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Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Indonesia remain high. The virus can bind with ACE2 receptor which is not only found in the lungs, but also in the digestive tract. Thus, it allows SARS-CoV-2 infection in the gastrointestinal tract, gastrointestinal manifestations, and detection of viral RNA on anal swab using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There hasn’t been similar study about the role of anal swab in Indonesia yet. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between SARS-COV-2 anal swab PCR with gastrointestinal clinical manifestations, and the severity of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Methods: This is an analytical study with cross-sectional design. Samples were obtained from hospitalized COVID-19 patients from July 2020 to January 2021. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, severity, and SARS-CoV-2 anal swabs PCR were collected using case report form. Results: A total of136 patients were analyzed. 52 patients (38.2%) had positive SARS-CoV-2 anal swabs PCR and 84 patients (61.8%) had negative results. The most common gastrointestinal clinical manifestations were nausea and vomiting in 69 patients (50.7%), anorexia in 62 patients (45.6%), and abdominal pain in 31 patients (22.8%). There were 114 patients (83,8%) classified as mild-moderate symptoms and 22 patients (16,2%) classified as severe-critical symptoms. There was a statistically significant relationship between the gastrointestinal tract SARS-CoV-2 infection and gastrointestinal clinical manifestations (P=0.031). There was no statistically significant relationship between the gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection and the severity of COVID-19 infection (P = 0.844). Conclusions: This study showed there is a significant relationship between SARS-CoV-2 anal swab PCR with gastrointestinal clinical manifestations. There is no significant relationship between anal swab PCR with the severity of COVID-19 infection. Further studies should aim to assess the relationship using larger samples while also assessing the possibility of fecal-oral transmission.

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Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 in the Ileal Mucosa: Another Evidence for Infection of GI Tract by This Virus

Abstract: Nonetheless, our understanding of IBD and intestinal inflammation may increase significantly after further investigation into ACE2 and its effects, potentially leading to new treatments for these conditions, and providing us with opportunities in the context of this tragic global pandemic.

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Residual SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens detected in gastrointestinal and hepatic tissues from two recovered COVID-19 patients

Residual SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens detected in gastrointestinal and hepatic tissues from two recovered COVID-19 patients

Nutrition as Personalized Medicine against SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Clinical and Oncological Options with a Specific Female Groups Overview

Relationship between anal swab PCR for SARS-CoV-2 with gastrointestinal clinical manifestations and severity of COVID-19 infection in Indonesia

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