Presence of PACAP and VIP in Embryonic Chicken Brain

Józsa, R.; Hollósy, Tibor; Németh, József; Tamás, Andrea; Lubics, Andrea; Jakab, Balázs; Oláh, A.; Arimura, Akira; Reglődi, Dóra

doi:10.1196/annals.1317.039

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The difference between the two forms of the peptide found in our study is in accordance with previous observations in the placenta (Steenstrup et al 1996). The concentration range of PACAP measured in the placenta is close to the range found in the brain, where the levels of PACAP are highest (Arimura et al 1991;Jozsa et al 2006;Kiss et al 2007;Nemeth et al 2007). Our results also show that PACAP content increases during pregnancy in the placenta, both on the maternal side and on the fetal side.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Changes in the Expression of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide in the Human Placenta during Pregnancy and Its Effects on the Survival of JAR Choriocarcinoma Cells

et al. 2010

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a neuropeptide with survival-promoting actions, has been observed in endocrine organs and is thought to play a role in reproductive functions, including pregnancy. PACAP occurs in two forms, 27 and 38 amino acid residues, with PACAP38 being the predominant form in human tissues. In the present study, we determined the concentrations of PACAP38 and PACAP27 in first-trimester and full-term human placentas using radioimmunoassay. We found high levels of PACAP38 and lower levels of PACAP27 in different parts of the full-term human placenta. PACAP38 content increased in the placenta during pregnancy, both on the maternal side and on the fetal side. The effects of PACAP on the survival of JAR human choriocarcinoma cells were investigated using flow cytometry and MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) cell viability assay in cells exposed to the widely used chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate (MTX). It was found that PACAP neither influenced the survival of JAR cytotrophoblast cells nor affected cellular response to the death-inducing effect of the chemotherapeutic agent MTX. The present observations further support the significance of PACAP in the human placenta. The observation that PACAP did not influence the effects of MTX may have future clinical importance, showing that PACAP does not decrease the effects of certain chemotherapeutic agents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Changes in the Expression of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide in the Human Placenta during Pregnancy and Its Effects on the Survival of JAR Choriocarcinoma Cells

et al. 2010

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“…PACAP immunoreactivity, the density of PACAP binding sites, and PAC1 receptor expression are very high at birth in the cerebellum, and then it shows a marked decrease in the postnatal period (Basille et al 1994(Basille et al , 2006Nielsen et al 1998). The level of PACAP immunoreactivity changes during embryonic development in the chicken brain and it decreases after hatching (Hollosy et al 2004;Jozsa et al 2006). Embryonic levels in the heart and intestines are also very high in the chicken as determined by RIA (Jozsa et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Changes in the Expression of PACAP-like Compounds During the Embryonic Development of the Earthworm Eisenia fetida

Boros

Reglődi

Herbert³

et al. 2008

J Mol Neurosci

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Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is expressed at very early stages in the vertebrate nervous system, and its functions in the embryonic development have been shown by various studies. PACAP is an extremely conserved molecule in phylogeny; however, little is known about its presence and functions in invertebrates. Our previous studies have shown the occurrence of PACAP-like immunoreactivity in the invertebrate nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and localization of PACAP-like compounds during the embryonic development of earthworms from cocoon deposition to hatching using immunological methods (radioimmunoassay, dot blot, immunohistochemistry). PACAP-like immunoreactive compounds were detected at very early stages of the embryonic development of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. No significant changes were observed during the early stages in the developing embryo, but a marked increase occurred before hatching. In contrast, during the embryonic development, the level of PACAP-like compounds gradually decreased in cocoon fluids. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of PACAP-like immunoreactive cell bodies and processes in the developing body wall, prostomium, pharyngeal wall, and central nervous system. Cells located in the body wall correspond to putative progenitor cells of primary sensory cells. In the present study, we also showed that the clitellum (reproductive organ) of sexually mature worms contained significantly higher levels of PACAP-like immunoreactivity than other regions of the same animals or the clitellar region of a non-reproducing animal. In summary, these observations provide a morphological basis and suggest a role of PACAP(-like peptides) in the reproductive and developmental functions of invertebrates.

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“…The effects of VIP and PACAP are mediated by VIPRs and have many overlapping functions. These peptides play roles in the gastrointestinal, immune, reproductive, respiratory, cardiovascular and endocrine systems (34,35). For example, VIP is involved in gut motility and acts as a potent vasoregulatory hormone, whereas PACAP is associated with the nervous system and exerts a hypophysiotropic effect on pituitary hormone secretion (11,23).…”

Section: Structural and Functional Features Of Vip/pacap And Viprsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor-based imaging and treatment of tumors

Tang

Xin

Xie

et al. 2014

International Journal of Oncology

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors (VIPRs) are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. These receptors are overexpressed in many common malignant tumors and play a major role in the progression and angiogenesis of a number of malignancies. Therefore, VIPRs may be a valuable target for the molecular imaging of tumors and therapeutic interventions. The specific natural ligand or its analogs can be labeled with a radionuclide and used for tumor receptor imaging, which could be used to visualize VIPR-related surface protein expression in vivo and to monitor the in vivo effects of molecular drugs on tumors. Moreover, the involvement of VIPRs in malignant transformation and angiogenesis renders them potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. A variety of VIP antagonists and cytotoxic VIP conjugates have been synthesized and evaluated for VIPR-targeted molecular therapy. The importance of VIPRs in tumor biology and the ability to predict responses to targeted therapy and monitor drug interventions suggest that VIP receptor-based imaging and treatment will be critical for the early diagnosis and management of cancer. Here, we review the current literature regarding VIPRs and their natural ligands and the involvement of VIPRs in tumor growth and angiogenesis, with an emphasis on the present use of VIPRs for the molecular imaging of tumors and therapies targeting VIPRs.

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Presence of PACAP and VIP in Embryonic Chicken Brain

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Changes in the Expression of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide in the Human Placenta during Pregnancy and Its Effects on the Survival of JAR Choriocarcinoma Cells

Changes in the Expression of Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide in the Human Placenta during Pregnancy and Its Effects on the Survival of JAR Choriocarcinoma Cells

Changes in the Expression of PACAP-like Compounds During the Embryonic Development of the Earthworm Eisenia fetida

Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor-based imaging and treatment of tumors

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