Changes in the Expression of PACAP-like Compounds During the Embryonic Development of the Earthworm Eisenia fetida

Boros, Ákos; Reglődi, Dóra; Herbert, Z.; Kiszler, Gábor; Németh, József; Lubics, Andrea; Kiss, P.; Tamás, Andrea; Shioda, Seiji; Matsuda, Kouhei; Pollák, Edit; Molńar, László

doi:10.1007/s12031-008-9102-6

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The neuropeptides are mainly observed in the ventral nerve cord ganglia and somatogastric nervous system of the worm and known to regulate the physiological and reproductive activities like muscle contraction, gut motility, osmoregulation and egg laying behaviors associated with changes in body shapes, rotatory movements and mucosal secretion [15] , [16] , [92] , [93] . In addition the neuropeptides also participate in the embryogenesis and caudal regeneration process of the species [16] , [94] . The nerve cord specific transcriptome sequences of earthworm E. fetida annotated against the nr database have marked the presence of total 37 contigs homologous to 22 neuropeptides ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annotation of nerve cord transcriptome in earthworm Eisenia fetida

et al. 2017

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In annelid worms, the nerve cord serves as a crucial organ to control the sensory and behavioral physiology. The inadequate genome resource of earthworms has prioritized the comprehensive analysis of their transcriptome dataset to monitor the genes express in the nerve cord and predict their role in the neurotransmission and sensory perception of the species. The present study focuses on identifying the potential transcripts and predicting their functional features by annotating the transcriptome dataset of nerve cord tissues prepared by Gong et al., 2010 from the earthworm Eisenia fetida. Totally 9762 transcripts were successfully annotated against the NCBI nr database using the BLASTX algorithm and among them 7680 transcripts were assigned to a total of 44,354 GO terms. The conserve domain analysis indicated the over representation of P-loop NTPase domain and calcium binding EF-hand domain. The COG functional annotation classified 5860 transcript sequences into 25 functional categories. Further, 4502 contig sequences were found to map with 124 KEGG pathways. The annotated contig dataset exhibited 22 crucial neuropeptides having considerable matches to the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii, suggesting their possible role in neurotransmission and neuromodulation. In addition, 108 human stem cell marker homologs were identified including the crucial epigenetic regulators, transcriptional repressors and cell cycle regulators, which may contribute to the neuronal and segmental regeneration. The complete functional annotation of this nerve cord transcriptome can be further utilized to interpret genetic and molecular mechanisms associated with neuronal development, nervous system regeneration and nerve cord function.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annotation of nerve cord transcriptome in earthworm Eisenia fetida

et al. 2017

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“…have previously studied the expression of orthologs of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry in E . fetida [ 88 , 89 ]. Since these factors are Neurotrophin in vertebrates, it was thought that their accumulation in the regenerating tissue of E .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large scale changes in the transcriptome of Eisenia fetida during regeneration

et al. 2018

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Earthworms show a wide spectrum of regenerative potential with certain species like Eisenia fetida capable of regenerating more than two-thirds of their body while other closely related species, such as Paranais litoralis seem to have lost this ability. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida, in which the genomes of the marine oligochaete Capitella telata and the freshwater leech Helobdella robusta have been sequenced and studied. Herein, we report the transcriptomic changes in Eisenia fetida (Indian isolate) during regeneration. Following injury, E. fetida regenerates the posterior segments in a time spanning several weeks. We analyzed gene expression changes both in the newly regenerating cells and in the adjacent tissue, at early (15days post amputation), intermediate (20days post amputation) and late (30 days post amputation) by RNAseq based de novo assembly and comparison of transcriptomes. We also generated a draft genome sequence of this terrestrial red worm using short reads and mate-pair reads. An in-depth analysis of the miRNome of the worm showed that many miRNA gene families have undergone extensive duplications. Sox4, a master regulator of TGF-beta mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition was induced in the newly regenerated tissue. Genes for several proteins such as sialidases and neurotrophins were identified amongst the differentially expressed transcripts. The regeneration of the ventral nerve cord was also accompanied by the induction of nerve growth factor and neurofilament genes. We identified 315 novel differentially expressed transcripts in the transcriptome, that have no homolog in any other species. Surprisingly, 82% of these novel differentially expressed transcripts showed poor potential for coding proteins, suggesting that novel ncRNAs may play a critical role in regeneration of earthworm.

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“…al. have previously studied the expression of orthologs of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry in E. fetida 92,93 . Since these factors are Neurotrophin in vertebrates, it was thought that their accumulation in the regenerating tissue of E. fetida was critical for its innervation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into regeneration from the genome, transcriptome and metagenome analysis ofEisenia fetida

Bhambri

Dhaunta

Patel

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Earthworms show a wide spectrum of regenerative potential with certain species like Eisenia fetida capable of regenerating more than two-thirds of their body while other closely related species, such as Paranais litoralis seem to have lost this ability. Earthworms belong to the phylum annelida, in which the genomes of the marine oligochaete Capitella telata, and the freshwater leech Helobdella robusta have been sequenced and studied. The terrestrial annelids, in spite of their ecological relevance and unique biochemical repertoire, are represented by a single rough genome draft of Eisenia fetida (North American isolate), which suggested that extensive duplications have led to a large number of HOX genes in this annelid. Herein, we report the draft genome sequence of Eisenia fetida (Indian isolate), a terrestrial redworm widely used for vermicomposting assembled using short reads and mate-pair reads. An in-depth analysis of the miRNome of the worm, showed that many miRNA gene families have also undergone extensive duplications. Genes for several important proteins such as sialidases and neurotrophins were identified by RNA sequencing of tissue samples. We also used de novo assembled RNA-Seq data to identify genes that are differentially expressed during regeneration, both in the newly regenerating cells and in the adjacent tissue. Sox4, a master regulator of TGF-beta induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition was induced in the newly regenerated tissue. The regeneration of the ventral nerve cord was also accompanied by the induction of nerve growth factor and neurofilament genes. The metagenome of the worm, characterized using 16S rRNA sequencing, revealed the identity of several bacterial species that reside in the nephridia of the worm. Comparison of the bodywall and cocoon metagenomes showed exclusion of hereditary symbionts in the regenerated tissue. In summary, we present extensive genome, transcriptome and metagenome data to establish the transcriptome and metagenome dynamics during regeneration.

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Changes in the Expression of PACAP-like Compounds During the Embryonic Development of the Earthworm Eisenia fetida

Cited by 18 publications

References 45 publications

Annotation of nerve cord transcriptome in earthworm Eisenia fetida

Annotation of nerve cord transcriptome in earthworm Eisenia fetida

Large scale changes in the transcriptome of Eisenia fetida during regeneration

Insights into regeneration from the genome, transcriptome and metagenome analysis ofEisenia fetida

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