Presence of increased stiffness of the common carotid artery and endothelial dysfunction in severely obese children: a prospective study

Tounian, P.; Aggoun, Yacine; Dubern, B.; Varille, V.; Guy‐Grand, Bernard; Sidi, Daniel; Girardet, Jean-Philippe; Bonnet, Damien

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06525-4

Cited by 741 publications

(619 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[4][5][6] Indeed, many of the cardiovascular consequences seen in adulthood are preceded by abnormalities that begin in childhood. 7,8 In addition, obesity in childhood is considered a risk factor for adult obesity. 9,10 In response to these alarming trends, many international organizations and national governments have initiated obesity prevention programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of overweight in preschool children: results of kindergarten-based interventions

et al. 2009

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Objective: Given the increasing prevalence of pediatric obesity, we evaluated two kindergarten-based strategies for reducing overweight in preschool children in the Haute-Garonne Department in France. Methods: Kindergartens (n ¼ 79) were randomly assigned to one of the two strategies and followed for 2 years. In the first group (Epidémiologie et prévention de l'obésité infantile, EPIPOI-1), parents and teachers received basic information on overweight and health, and children underwent screening to identify those with overweight (body mass index (BMI) X90th percentile) or at risk for overweight (BMI between 75 and 90th percentile), who were then followed up by their physicians. EPIPOI-2 children, in addition, received kindergarten-based education to promote healthy practices related to nutrition, physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Data on control children from non-intervention kindergartens (n ¼ 40) were retrieved from medical records at the Division of School Health. Results: At baseline, groups differed significantly on age and school area (underprivileged/ not). Owing to a significant interaction between school area and group, analyses were stratified by school area. At baseline, groups did not differ on overweight prevalence and BMI z-scores for any school area. After intervention, prevalence of overweight, BMI z-score and change in BMI z-score were significantly lower in intervention groups compared with controls in underprivileged areas. Using multilevel analysis adjusted for potential confounders, a significant effect on overweight prevalence at the end of the study was noted for EPIPOI-1 in underprivileged areas only (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 0.18 (0.07-0.51). In nonunderprivileged areas, the gain in BMI z-score was lower in EPIPOI-2 group compared with control and EPIPOI-1. Conclusion: Our results suggest that simple measures involving increasing awareness on overweight and health, and periodic monitoring of weight and height with follow-up care when indicated, could be useful to reduce overweight in young children from underprivileged areas. A reinforced strategy with an education component, in addition, may be indicated in children in non-underprivileged areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of overweight in preschool children: results of kindergarten-based interventions

et al. 2009

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“…2 These trends are likely to have major public health consequences since overweight or obesity status tracks from childhood to adulthood and there is emerging evidence that the precursors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, some of which will be irreversible, already exist in overweight and obese children. [2][3][4][5][6][7] With respect to the tracking of measures of obesity across time, most studies have assessed correlations between body mass index (BMI) at different ages and found moderate correlations, 8,9 or have assessed how well being overweight or obese at one stage of the life course predicts being overweight or obese at a later stage. 6,[10][11][12][13] Few studies have examined the range of possibilities of patterns between two time pointsFthat is what proportion of those who are not overweight at the first time point have become overweight by the second and what proportion have remained not overweight and what proportion of those who are overweight at the first time point remain so by the second time point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Family and early life factors associated with changes in overweight status between ages 5 and 14 years: findings from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy and its outcomes

et al. 2005

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OBJECTIVE:To describe different patterns of overweight status between ages 5 and 14 y and examine the role of modifiable family and early life characteristics in explaining different patterns of change between these two ages. DESIGN: A population-based prospective birth cohort. SUBJECTS: A total of 2934 children (52% males) who were participants in the Mater-University study of pregnancy, Brisbane, and who were examined at ages 5 and 14 y. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Four patterns of change in overweight/obesity status between ages 5 and 14 y: (i) normal at both ages; (ii) normal at 5 y and overweight/obese at 14 y; (iii) overweight/obese at 5 y and normal at 14 y; (iv) overweight/ obese at both ages. RESULTS: Of the 2934 participants, 2018 (68.8%) had a normal body mass index (BMI) at ages 5 and 14 y, 425 (14.5%) changed from a normal BMI at age 5 y to overweight or obese at age 14 y, 175 (6.0%) changed from being overweight or obese at age 5 y to normal weight at age 14 y and 316 (10.8%) were overweight or obese at both ages 5 and 14 y. Girls were more likely to make the transition from overweight or obese at age 5 y to normal at 14 y than their boy counterparts. Children whose parents were overweight or obese were more likely to change from having a normal BMI at age 5 y to being overweight at 14 y (fully adjusted RR: 6.17 (95% CI: 3.97, 9.59)) and were more likely to be overweight at both ages (7.44 (95% CI: 4.60, 12.02)). Birth weight and increase in weight over the first 6 months of life were both positively associated with being overweight at both ages. Other explanatory factors were not associated with the different overweight status transitions.

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“…Results from Tounian et al 34 extend the association between obesity and arterial distensibility to children (age 12.6 years). In this study of severely obese children, carotid artery distensibility was significantly lower than in the control group.…”

Section: Vascular Endothelial Functionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Lipid profile is altered by overweight in childhood, and is characterised by a decrease in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and a rise in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. 3,[34][35][36][37] Blood pressure (BP), insulin resistance and glucose metabolism are also influenced by childhood overweight and obesity. 2,4,[34][35][36][37] There is evidence that the prevalence of sleep apnea, an emerging cardiovascular risk factor, is increased in obese children, as it is in obese adults.…”

Section: Vascular Endothelial Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…86,87 Additionally, these cardiovascular risk factors are all associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. 88 Indeed, studies in children and adults examining the association between obesity and endothelial dysfunction have identified insulin resistance, 34,35,89 glucose intolerance, 48,57 serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels, 34,49 adipocytokines, 47 inflammation, 40,41 oxidative stress 90 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase 91 as possible pathophysiological intermediaries. Much recent research has focused on the role of adipocytokines and other obesity-related peptides as important molecules in the pathophysiological link between increased adiposity and cardiovascular disease.…”

Section: Mechanisms Linking Obesity and Atherosclerosismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Endothelial dysfunction and arterial abnormalities in childhood obesity

Skilton

Celermajer

2006

Int J Obes

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Presence of increased stiffness of the common carotid artery and endothelial dysfunction in severely obese children: a prospective study

Cited by 741 publications

References 28 publications

Prevention of overweight in preschool children: results of kindergarten-based interventions

Prevention of overweight in preschool children: results of kindergarten-based interventions

Family and early life factors associated with changes in overweight status between ages 5 and 14 years: findings from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy and its outcomes

Endothelial dysfunction and arterial abnormalities in childhood obesity

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