Endothelial dysfunction and arterial abnormalities in childhood obesity

Skilton, Michael R.; Celermajer, David S.

doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803397

Cited by 57 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 107 publications

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“…Increases in overweight and obesity in children are associated with physical health problems including poorer pulmonary function, 6 hyperinsulinemia, 7 glucose intolerance, 8 diabetes, 9 hypertension 10 and a wide range of less common pathological conditions. 11 In a representative sample of US kindergarten children aged 5-11 years, Danner 12 found a significant positive longitudinal association between body mass index (BMI) acceleration and hours of television viewing. Utter et al 13 demonstrated that in New Zealand children aged 5-14 years old, physical activity (PA) was inversely associated with BMI.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of changes in BMI of children from the Azores islands

et al. 2010

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Objective: To model changes in body mass index (BMI), including its stability, and to investigate the association between physical activity, 1-mile run/walk and levels of gross motor coordination and BMI during 5 consecutive years. Design: A longitudinal study of children 6 years of age at baseline followed at annual intervals over 5 years. Subjects: A total of 285 children (143 boys and 142 girls) were enrolled in grade 1 (age 6 years) and followed through grade 5 (age 10 years). Measurements: BMI was recorded and physical activity was assessed by questionnaire, aerobic fitness was evaluated with the 1-mile run/walk and gross motor coordination was measured with the KTK test battery (Körperkoordination test für Kinder). Multilevel modelling techniques were for the primary analysis. Results: Changes in BMI showed similar curvilinear trends in boys and girls, with ample inter-individual crossing trajectories that is, low tracking. Longitudinal changes in physical activity (PA) and aerobic fitness were not significantly associated with BMI-changes during the 5 years. Children who were more proficient in their motor coordination showed lower values of BMI during the 5 years. Conclusions: BMI trajectories of both boys and girls show low tracking of BMI-values. Considerable inter-individual variation exists both in baseline BMI-values and changes (velocity and acceleration) over time. PA and fitness were not associated with BMI-changes, but gross motor function was negatively associated with BMI-changes. No gender-specific associations were found. If confirmed in other populations these observations could be translated in the promotion of physical activities that improve gross motor function in children aged 6-10 years. This seems to be of major importance for the physical education curriculum of primary school children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of changes in BMI of children from the Azores islands

et al. 2010

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“…38,40,43 The brachial artery typically dilates ∼6%-12% in healthy people. [40][41][42]44 Following FMD measurement, the endothelial-independent vasodilatory response can be assessed by sublingual administration of gyceryl trinitrate (GTN, nitroglycerin), which relaxes the vascular smooth muscle to cause a further increase in vessel diameter. 13,45 Jarvisalo and colleagues 46 reported that FMD and GTN-mediated brachial dilation are positively correlated (r = 0.46) in children while another study showed that values from the two methods were similarly reduced in children with obesity or type 1 diabetes compared to nonobese children.…”

Section: Methodological Approaches To Assessing Vascular Function Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[33][34][35][36][37] Flow occlusion is performed with a blood pressure cuff and Doppler ultrasound is used to image the artery diameter during and for up to five minutes after occlusion. [37][38][39][40][41][42] Once the cuff is released the resumption of flow creates shear stress on the vascular wall, which stimulates nitric oxide production by the endothelial lining and in turn causes relaxation of vascular smooth muscle. 38,40,43 The brachial artery typically dilates ∼6%-12% in healthy people.…”

Section: Methodological Approaches To Assessing Vascular Function Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13,19,20,22,40,41,44,[61][62][63][64][65] Both endothelial-dependent FMD and endothelial-independent (response to GTN) vasodilatation typically are related inversely to BMI in normal weight children 60 and are reported to be lower in obese children in some, 19,45,65 but not all 66 studies. Several longitudinal prospective studies have shown that endothelial-dependant vasodilation is inversely associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and death in older adults 67,68 and in middle-aged adults without apparent heart disease risk.…”

Section: Age-related and Developmental Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vascular health in children and adolescents: effects of obesity and diabetes

Short¹,

Blackett²,

Gardner³

et al. 2009

VHRM

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Abstract:The foundations for cardiovascular disease in adults are laid in childhood and accelerated by the presence of comorbid conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Early detection of vascular dysfunction is an important clinical objective to identify those at risk for subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and events, and to initiate behavioral and medical interventions to reduce risk. Typically, cardiovascular screening is recommended for young adults, especially in people with a family history of cardiovascular conditions. Children and adolescents were once considered to be at low risk, but with the growing health concerns related to sedentary lifestyle, poor diet and obesity, cardiovascular screening may be needed earlier so that interventions to improve cardiovascular health can be initiated. This review describes comorbid conditions that increase cardiovascular risk in youth, namely obesity and diabetes, and describes noninvasive methods to objectively detect vascular disease and quantify vascular function and structure through measurements of endothelial function, arterial compliance, and intima-media thickness. Additionally, current strategies directed toward prevention of vascular disease in these populations, including exercise, dietary interventions and pharmacological therapy are described.

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“…Tanto la hipertrofia del tejido subcutáneo como el incremento de grasa visceral son modificables a través de los cambios nutricionales y la actividad física. Se ha demostrado que la modificación de los hábitos de vida en la infancia, apoyados por la familia, provocan un modesto efecto sobre la obesidad, siendo menor sin la implicación familiar Con la adopción y mantenimiento de estilos de vida saludables se consigue una mejoría en los parámetros metabólicos, con descenso del tamaño adipocitario y cambios en la expresión génica, descendiendo el estado inflamatorio subyacente a la obesidad (Skilton, 2006). Esto conlleva menor riesgo o mejoría de comorbilidades como la diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, dislipemia (disminuyendo el nivel de triglicéridos y de LDL-colesterol e incrementando el HDL colesterol e Hipertensión arterial) (Rector, 2007).…”

Section: Tratamientounclassified

Influencia de la microbiota intestinal en la obesidad

Lopez¹,

Arlette²

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Endothelial dysfunction and arterial abnormalities in childhood obesity

Cited by 57 publications

References 107 publications

Correlates of changes in BMI of children from the Azores islands

Correlates of changes in BMI of children from the Azores islands

Vascular health in children and adolescents: effects of obesity and diabetes

Influencia de la microbiota intestinal en la obesidad

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