Presence of hepatitis E virus in a naturally infected swine herd from nursery to slaughter

Leblanc, Danielle; Ward, Pierre; Gagné, Marie-Josée; Poitras, Élyse; Müller, Peter; Trottier, Yvon-Louis; Simard, C; Houde, Alain

doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.03.008

Cited by 81 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Nevertheless, it is reasonable to consider that HEV antibodies were in low levels and the serological assay used was not sensitive enough for their detection. In fact, a recent study reported low levels of ELISA optical density values for anti-HEV IgG among most of the studied pigs, independently of the life cycle period evaluated: 2, 8, 18 or 22-29 weeks [20]. These authors also reported that in all sampling, especially at the third (18 weeks) and final sampling (slaughter), HEV RNA was more frequently detected in feces than in serum [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Anti-HEV IgM antibody levels appear to be age-dependent, with the highest proportion found in young pigs (up to three months old) in response to their first contact with the virus, which usually occurs soon after weaning [20,[35][36][37][38]. The samples analyzed in the present study were obtained from pigs at slaughter age (approximately six months), what may have led to the failure in detecting IgM antibodies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The external (3156NF: 5 -AATTATGCYCAGTAYCGRGTTG-3 and 3157NR: 5 -CCCTTRTCYTGCTGMGCATTCTC-3 ) and internal primers (3158NF: 5 -GTWATGCTYTGCATWCATGGCT-3 and 3159NR: 5 -AGCCGACGAAATCAATTCTGTC-3 ) used in the present study were described for the detection of HEV and amplified 731 and 348 bp products in the first and second PCRs, respectively [19,20].…”

Section: Nested Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

HEV infection in swine from Eastern Brazilian Amazon: Evidence of co-infection by different subtypes

Souza¹,

Gomes‐Gouvêa²,

Soares³

et al. 2012

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nested Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

HEV infection in swine from Eastern Brazilian Amazon: Evidence of co-infection by different subtypes

Souza¹,

Gomes‐Gouvêa²,

Soares³

et al. 2012

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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“…In spite of this, it is common practice to suspend 1 g of fecal material in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or saline-peptone and to use the supernatant after settling or clarification for detection and enumeration of F-RNA coliphages by plaque assay (8,12,21). Similarly, nucleic acids are often extracted from a portion of the clarified supernatant for the detection of enteric and hepatic viruses by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) (14,16,18,19). Guzmán et al (7) optimized the extraction of somatic coliphages from whole suspensions of sludge, soil, and treated biowaste from naturally contaminated samples because somatic coliphage numbers recovered from the supernatant from naturally contaminated sewage sludge, with and without elution, were about 1 log unit lower than those recovered from entire sewage sludge and the eluted pellet.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Detection of F-Specific RNA Coliphages in Fecal Material by Extraction and Polyethylene Glycol Precipitation

Jones

Johns

2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Male-specific RNA coliphages (F-RNA coliphages) have been proposed as a potential viral indicator of fecal contamination in water and foods because they are easy to culture and are a normal component of the mammalian gut flora. F-RNA coliphage plaque numbers are typically obtained by directly plating a 10-fold dilution of 1 g of fecal material, but the numbers of F-RNA coliphages shed by animals and humans may be too low for direct enumeration. Therefore, the sensitivity of detecting F-RNA coliphages in fecal material was improved by extracting and precipitating F-RNA coliphage from a 10-g fecal sample by use of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The highest recovery of F-RNA coliphage with 10% beef extract, pH 7.2, was obtained in the presence of 1 M NaCl and 10% PEG after 16 h of precipitation, but a pellet was not obtained after a short precipitation time of 2 h. There was no significant difference between eluant-to-fecal-material ratios of 4:1 and 9:1 or homogenization with a stomacher or pulsifier. F-RNA coliphage were detected in 64% (16 of 25 samples) of fecal samples from various sources when the sample size was 10 g but in 36% (9 of 25 samples) of samples when the sample size was 1 g. When F-RNA coliphage were detected in 1-g samples, they were also detected in 10-g samples. When F-RNA coliphage were detected in 10-g samples but not in 1-g samples, the levels were <100 PFU/g.

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“…To detect IgG antibodies against HEV in pigs, the commercial kit of indirect ELISA HEV-IGAB (Dia.Pro-Diagnostic Bioprobes, Italy) for dual detection of IgG and IgM antibodies in human serum was used, replacing the antihuman conjugate with a conjugated goat antibody anti-IgG for swine (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc, USA) according to the methodology used by other researchers (17,(21)(22)(23) at the dilution recommended by the manufacturer (1:5000). As a negative swine control (NPC), a serum of newborn piglets (in triplicate) that did not ingest colostrum was used, to avoid the presence of maternal antibodies; and as a positive control (CPP) a sample of the study that showed high OD values in the ELISA was employed.…”

Section: Materiales Y Métodosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological evidence of Hepatitis E Virus infection in Antioquia, Colombia slaughtered pigs

Gutiérrez

et al. 2015

Rev MVZ Córdoba

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Objective. To detect the presence of specific antibodies against Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs slaughtered in Antioquia, the department where the greatest amount of pork is produced and consumed in Colombia. Materials and methods. Between September 2011 and May 2012, blood samples from pigs were obtained in five slaughterhouses of Antioquia, four of them located in the Aburrá Valley subregion and other located in northern subregión. Serum were evaluated with a commercial ELISA kit for diagnosing HEV in humans but adapted to detect IgG and IgM antibodies in pigs. Results. A 100.0% seropositivity for IgG antibodies was found in 1000 samples evaluated, and 82.06% for IgM antibodies were found in 740 samples. Conclusions. These results indicate that pigs in slaughter age in Antioquia, and possibly in Colombia, have been exposed to HEV at some point in their production process and a high percentage of them can arrive to slaughterhouses with recent infection.

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Presence of hepatitis E virus in a naturally infected swine herd from nursery to slaughter

Cited by 81 publications

References 30 publications

HEV infection in swine from Eastern Brazilian Amazon: Evidence of co-infection by different subtypes

HEV infection in swine from Eastern Brazilian Amazon: Evidence of co-infection by different subtypes

Improved Detection of F-Specific RNA Coliphages in Fecal Material by Extraction and Polyethylene Glycol Precipitation

Serological evidence of Hepatitis E Virus infection in Antioquia, Colombia slaughtered pigs

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