Improved Detection of F-Specific RNA Coliphages in Fecal Material by Extraction and Polyethylene Glycol Precipitation

Jones, T. H.; Johns, Michael

doi:10.1128/aem.00436-09

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…To determine host specificity of GB-124 phages, a total of 264 animal faecal samples from 14 different species (collected in the northeastern US) were analysed for GB-124 phages, along with F-RNA and somatic coliphages (Table 1). F-RNA coliphages were detected in both dog faeces (1Á90 AE 0Á09 PFU g À1 dry weight [dw]) and cattle manure slurry (1Á74 AE 0Á17 PFU g À1 dw), whereas somatic coliphages were detected in the majority of animal faecal samples, ranging from 1Á75 to 4Á78 PFU g À1 dw of faeces, which is comparable to previous reports for nonhuman faecal sources (Cole et al 2003;Jones and Johns 2009;Muniesa et al 2012). GB-124 phages, however, were not detected in any of the nonhuman faecal samples analysed (Table 1), which is consistent with earlier findings from the EU (Ebdon et al 2007Ogilvie et al 2012).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…F‐RNA coliphages were detected in both dog faeces (1·90 ± 0·09 PFU g −1 dry weight [dw]) and cattle manure slurry (1·74 ± 0·17 PFU g −1 dw), whereas somatic coliphages were detected in the majority of animal faecal samples, ranging from 1·75 to 4·78 PFU g −1 dw of faeces, which is comparable to previous reports for nonhuman faecal sources (Cole et al . ; Jones and Johns ; Muniesa et al . ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Bacteroides fragilis GB-124 bacteriophages as novel human-associated faecal indicators in the United States

McMinn

Korajkic

Ashbolt

2014

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Significance and Impact of the Study Bacteroides fragilis GB-124 phages appear to be restricted to human sewage sources in the United States, being absent from 264 animal faecal samples from 14 different species and present in approx. 90% (34/38) of primary sewage effluent samples collected across the country. Although somatic and F-specific coliphages were present in sewage samples at higher densities, unlike GB-124 phages, both coliphage types were also detected in animal faecal samples. Hence, GB-124 phages may prove to be a useful novel indicator group for human faecal pollution in the continental United States. AbstractPhages infecting human-associated Bacteroides fragilis (GB-124 phages) have been employed in the European Union (EU) to identify human faecal pollution, but their utility for the United States was unclear. Primary sewage samples were collected seasonally from seven wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) across the continental United States, and more time-intensive sampling was conducted at local WWTPs. All samples were assayed for plaqueforming units (PFU) of GB-124 phages, somatic and FRNA-specific coliphages, as well as adenoviruses (by quantitative PCR [qPCR]). Animal faecal samples (>250) from 14 different species were tested for the presence of the three phage groups. GB-124 phages were consistently detected in sewage (10-10 2 PFU ml À1 ), but not in animal faeces. While density estimates of both coliphages in sewage were approximately one order of magnitude higher than GB-124 phages, they were both randomly detected in animal faecal samples (10 2 -10 5 g À1 dry weight). Stability of all three phages was inversely proportional to temperature; persistence was greatest at 5°C compared to 20 and 35°C, where no phages were detectable after a week. In summary, GB-124 phages appear to be a feasible alternative indicator organism and benefit from being sewage associated, while providing an inexpensive detection technique for infectious virions.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Bacteroides fragilis GB-124 bacteriophages as novel human-associated faecal indicators in the United States

McMinn

Korajkic

Ashbolt

2014

Lett Appl Microbiol

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“…Calci et al (1998) reported that more than 53% of chickens in their study shed < 10 pfu/g of male‐specific coliphages. Jones and Johns (2009) concluded that certain properties of coliphages prevent their full recovery from fecal samples. These investigators observed male‐specific coliphage nondetects ranging from 30 to 96% in fecal samples from pigs, cattle, and poultry.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These investigators observed male‐specific coliphage nondetects ranging from 30 to 96% in fecal samples from pigs, cattle, and poultry. Jones and Johns (2009) think the 1 g of fecal material used in the coliphage enumeration process is insufficient. Male‐specific coliphages were detected in only 9 of 25 fecal samples when the sample size was 1 g; however, when the sample size was increased to 10 g, male‐specific coliphages were detected in 16 of 25 samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial and viral indicators of fecal contamination in drinking water

Plummer¹,

Long

Charest³

et al. 2014

Journal AWWA

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A full report of this project, Assessment of Torque Teno Virus as a Viral Pathogen Indicator in Waters (4288), is available for free to Water Research Foundation sub scribers by logging on to www.waterrf.org.Plummer et al | http://dx.teaches classes on environmental engineering, laboratory methods, drinking water quality and treatment, and water quality modeling. Her research focuses on drinking water quality, source water protection, fecal pollution, microbial source tracking, indicator organisms, and alternative disinfection strategies. She holds MS and PhD degrees from

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“…Different rates of survival at different temperatures for subgroups of F-specific coliphages have been reported in surface water (27,30,33,34). In addition, the numbers and shedding frequency of F-specific coliphages shed by individual hosts can be highly variable, which can result in variability in detection and density in surface waters when fecal contamination occurs (35)(36)(37).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Waterborne Viruses and F-Specific Coliphages in Mixed-Use Watersheds: Microbial Associations, Host Specificities, and Affinities with Environmental/Land Use Factors

Jones

Brassard

Topp

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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From the years 2008 to 2014, a total of 1,155 water samples were collected (spring to fall) from 24 surface water sampling sites located in a mixed-used but predominantly agricultural (i.e., dairy livestock production) river basin in eastern Ontario, Canada. Water was analyzed for viable F-specific DNA (F-DNA) and F-specific RNA (F-RNA) (genogroup I [GI] to GIV) coliphage and a suite of molecularly detected viruses (norovirus [GI to GIV], torque teno virus [TTV], rotavirus, kobuvirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, hepatitis A, and hepatitis E). F-DNA and F-RNA coliphage were detected in 33 and 28% of the samples at maximum concentrations of 2,000 and 16,300 PFU · 100 ml Ϫ1 , respectively. Animal TTV, human TTV, kobuvirus, astrovirus, and norovirus GIII were the most prevalent viruses, found in 23, 20, 13, 12, and 11% of samples, respectively. Viable F-DNA coliphage was found to be a modest positive indicator of molecularly detected TTV. F-RNA coliphage, unlike F-DNA coliphage, was a modest positive predictor of norovirus and rotavirus. There were, however, a number of significant negative associations among F-specific coliphage and viruses. F-DNA coliphage densities of Ͼ142 PFU · 100 ml Ϫ1 delineated conditions when ϳ95% of water samples contained some type of virus. Kobuvirus was the virus most strongly related to detection of any other virus. Land use had some associations with virus/F-specific coliphage detection, but season and surface water flow were the variables that were most important for broadly delineating detection. Higher relative levels of detection of human viruses and human F-RNA coliphage were associated with higher relative degrees of upstream human land development in a catchment.IMPORTANCE This study is one of the first, to our knowledge, to evaluate relationships among F-specific coliphages and a large suite of enteric viruses in mixed-use but agriculturally dominated surface waters in Canada. This study suggested that relationships between viable F-specific coliphages and molecularly detected viruses do exist, but they are not always positive. Caution should be employed if viable F-specific coliphages are to be used as indicators of virus presence in surface waters. This study elucidates relative effects of agriculture, wildlife, and human activity on virus and F-specific coliphage detection. Seasonal and meteorological attributes play a strong role in the detection of most virus and F-specific coliphage targets.KEYWORDS viruses, F-specific coliphages, pollution, indicators, surface water, microbial source tracking

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Improved Detection of F-Specific RNA Coliphages in Fecal Material by Extraction and Polyethylene Glycol Precipitation

Cited by 25 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluation of Bacteroides fragilis GB-124 bacteriophages as novel human-associated faecal indicators in the United States

Evaluation of Bacteroides fragilis GB-124 bacteriophages as novel human-associated faecal indicators in the United States

Bacterial and viral indicators of fecal contamination in drinking water

Waterborne Viruses and F-Specific Coliphages in Mixed-Use Watersheds: Microbial Associations, Host Specificities, and Affinities with Environmental/Land Use Factors

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