Presence and possible significance of immunohistochemically demonstrable prolactin in breast apocrine metaplasia

Kumar, Sandeep; Mansel, Robert E.; Jasani, Bharat

doi:10.1038/bjc.1987.60

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…50,51 Prolactin has been demonstrated immunohistochemically in the apocrine cells of adult breast with cystic changes. 52 Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas in rabbits are associated with cystic mammary dysplasia. 53 It could be speculated that the induction of tenascin-C by prolactin in these situations might aid in the reduction of anchorage of cells to the extracellular matrix, thereby favouring this process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast development gives insights into breast disease

et al. 1998

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breast development gives insights into breast disease

et al. 1998

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“…Apocrine metaplastic cells are also associated with a strong immunostaining for prolactin (Kumar et al, 1987). Moreover, this hormone was also found with a high regularity in breast cancer specimens and, thus, led to the hypothesis that metaplastic cells may be of significance in view of the hormone's known growth-stimulating effect on the breast epithelium (Kumar et al, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of endothelial calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthase in breast apocrine metaplasia

Tschugguel

Knogler²,

Czerwenka³

et al. 1996

Br J Cancer

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Summary Endothelial calcium-dependent nitric oxide (NO) synthase has been shown to be expressed in human malignant breast tumours, and its presence correlates with tumour grade. Moreover, NO, being synthesised in breast tumour cells, may increase tumour blood flow and promote angiogenesis. In view of these aspects, we have assessed the distribution of NO synthase within a series of benign breast tumours using a monoclonal antibody against human endothelial calcium-dependent NO synthase. Activity was predominantly localised in apocrine metaplastic cells of fibrocystic disease, as well as in endothelia throughout all tissue sections. Consistent with previous reports, no endothelial calcium-dependent NO synthase immunoreactivity was observed in poorly differentiated infiltrating duct carcinoma cells. In conclusion, expression of endothelial calcium-dependent NO synthase in human breast apocrine metaplasia may be of significance in view of the NO's vascular effects in benign breast disease.

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“…Notably, in humans, prolactin is not only produced in lactotroph cells of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, but also in multiple other tissues, including the mammary gland [50,51,52] and uterus [51,52,53]. In the mammary gland tissue, which is also equipped with prolactin receptors, prolactin has not only endocrine functions, but can also evoke paracrine and autocrine effects [51,52].…”

Section: Mammary Tumors In Rabbitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Mammary Tumors in Rabbits: Translation of Pathology into Medical Care

Schöniger¹,

Degner

Jasani³

et al. 2019

Animals

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Simple SummaryIn recent years mammary cancer has been increasingly recognized in pet rabbits. In addition to uterine carcinomas—the most common tumor of female rabbits—mammary cancer can also markedly reduce the life expectancy of pet rabbits. The aim of this review is to raise awareness for these tumors and to report recent progress in related research. Their detailed characterization will likely improve medical care for affected rabbits. Moreover, study results will contribute to comparative pathology and may reveal if the rabbit is a suitable model for certain types of breast cancer in humans. Available information suggests that most invasive cancer cases develop through stepwise progression from non-invasive forms. Thus, early recognition will likely improve a complete cancer cure. So far, the only treatment option is surgical excision and prognostic factors are unknown. Recent investigations have identified tumor features with likely prognostic value. They have also revealed differences and similarities to mammary tumors in other species and breast cancer in women. Despite these initial data, continued research is necessary to gain more insights into the development of these tumors and their molecular features.AbstractThe aim of this review is to raise awareness for mammary tumors in rabbits and to report progress in related research. Currently, a standardized tumor classification for rabbits is not available, prognostic factors are unknown and the only treatment option is surgical excision. Studies showed that affected rabbits have a wide age range and are nearly exclusively female or female spayed. Most mammary tumors are carcinomas. These may occur together with non-neoplastic or benign mammary lesions. Frequent microscopic findings are lipid droplets in tumor cells, secretory activity and microscopic heterogeneity. Since carcinomas are often negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER-α/PR), modulation of receptor function will unlikely be beneficial for most rabbits. ER-α and PR status may have prognostic significance, since ER-α- or PR-negative tumors have significantly higher mitotic rates than ER-α- or PR-positive tumors. The frequent secretory activity of rabbit mammary tumors may suggest an influence of prolactin on tumorigenesis. Available data contribute to comparative pathology and are the basis for future molecular studies into the identification of additional prognostic factors and novel therapeutic options. They will also reveal the suitability of the rabbit as a model for certain types of breast cancer in women.

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Presence and possible significance of immunohistochemically demonstrable prolactin in breast apocrine metaplasia

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Breast development gives insights into breast disease

Breast development gives insights into breast disease

Presence of endothelial calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthase in breast apocrine metaplasia

A Review on Mammary Tumors in Rabbits: Translation of Pathology into Medical Care

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