Prescribed pH for soil β-glucosidase and phosphomonoesterase do not reflect pH optima

Wade, Jordon; Li, Chongyang; Vollbracht, Kelly; Hooper, Diane G.; Wills, Skye; Margenot, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2021.115161

Cited by 28 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Standardizing assay conditions, including buffer pH, across soils is a key consideration. To the extent that aminopeptidase pH optima are constrained, which for some soil enzymes like β-glucosidase seems to be the case (Wade et al, 2021), it may be possible to standardize buffer pH across soils to align with activity pH optima. Substrate concentration on a soil mass basis was challenging to compare across studies because of the indirect nature of slurry assays that dominated approaches, combined with lack of methodological details.…”

Section: Assay Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Are Soil Aminopeptidases Being Assayed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overlooked tools for studying soil nitrogen depolymerization: Aminopeptidase assays using nitroanilide substrates

Margenot

Daughtridge

2022

Agricultural & Env Letters

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Aminopeptidases are one of the extracellular hydrolytic enzymes that catalyze organic nitrogen (N) depolymerization and are commonly assayed using fluorogenic substrates. However, chromogenic substrates based on para‐nitroaniline (pNA) developed for the study of aminopeptidases in the 1960s have been underutilized. To gauge the use of pNA substrates to assay soil aminopeptidases, a systematic literature review was conducted. We identified 61 studies that were nearly all limited to measuring leucine and/or glycine aminopeptidases, despite the commercial availability of at least six other aminopeptidase‐specific pNA substrates. Assay parameters of scale (slurry vs. direct incubations), matrix type, buffer pH, substrate concentration, assay duration and temperature, termination, and colorimetry indicated a lack of standardization and a confusion of pNA with pNP substrates despite important differences in abiotic hydrolysis and absorbance maxima. Future studies should systematically evaluate and standardize these parameters and assess the sensitivity of other amino acid‐specific aminopeptidases to carbon (C), N, and sulfur (S) cycling.

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Section: Assay Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: How Are Soil Aminopeptidases Being Assayed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overlooked tools for studying soil nitrogen depolymerization: Aminopeptidase assays using nitroanilide substrates

Margenot

Daughtridge

2022

Agricultural & Env Letters

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“…Inside living cells, the pH is close to 7.2 and is controlled by the microorganism itself. Once released into the soil solution, extracellular enzymes are dependent on the pH of the environment (Leprince and Quiquampoix, 1996;Mónica et al, 2018;Wade et al, 2021). Soil pH values near neutrality (pH 6.0-7.0) provide higher activity of the different extracellular enzymes (Burns et al, 2013).…”

Section: Ecology Of Soil Extracellular Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of enzymes to soil quality and the evolution of research in Brazil

Sobucki¹,

Ramos²,

Meireles³

et al. 2021

Revista Brasileira De Ciência Do Solo

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Extracellular soil enzymes are fundamental for the functioning of ecosystems. Several processes in the soil depend on the activity of these enzymes, including plant decomposition, soil organic matter formation/mineralization, and nutrient cycling. Moreover, extracellular enzyme activity occurs in the soil and is therefore influenced by environmental factors. Due to the high sensitivity to these factors, extracellular enzymes are used for monitoring soil quality. This review aimed to present the main contributions of soil enzymes to agriculture, emphasizing the dynamics of elements in the soil and the environmental factors that modulate enzyme activity. With this knowledge, the relationship of extracellular enzymes to soil quality is demonstrated and their use as a tool for soil monitoring. Finally, the evolution of research on soil enzymes in Brazil is presented, and the perspectives of basic and applied studies necessary to expand the knowledge and use of enzymes in soil management are pointed out. Soil enzymes play a key role in numerous soil processes, thereby making them useful indicators of productive capacity and soil quality. Research on enzymes in soil has developed significantly in the last two decades, which has made it possible for farmers to analyze and interpret enzyme activity in the soil in the laboratory.

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“…Studies have shown that EEA and EES were regulated by soil pH, and nutrient availability, including stoichiometry of soil (Sinsabaugh et al, 2008;Hewins et al, 2015). Enzymes have long been recognized to have an optimal pH (Wade et al, 2021;Liu M et al, 2022). Soil pH not only affects enzyme activity by directly altering the enzyme conformation (Wade et al, 2021) but also has a significant impact on microbial activity, as soil pH may lead to changes in cell membrane charge and affect nutrient uptake by microorganisms, thus affecting their survival and reproduction (Rath et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Enzymes have long been recognized to have an optimal pH (Wade et al, 2021;Liu M et al, 2022). Soil pH not only affects enzyme activity by directly altering the enzyme conformation (Wade et al, 2021) but also has a significant impact on microbial activity, as soil pH may lead to changes in cell membrane charge and affect nutrient uptake by microorganisms, thus affecting their survival and reproduction (Rath et al, 2019). In addition, soil nutrients have an important effect on enzyme activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil degradation regulates the effects of litter decomposition on soil microbial nutrient limitation: Evidence from soil enzymatic activity and stoichiometry

Niu

Wang

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Soil microorganisms could obtain energy and nutrients during litter decomposition with the help of soil extracellular enzymes. The litter types were among the most critical factors that affect soil extracellular enzyme activities. However, how litter types modulate the soil extracellular enzyme activity with grassland gradation is unclear. Here, we conducted a 240-day experiment of two different types of litter decomposition on soil extracellular enzyme activity and stoichiometry in different degraded grasslands. We found that C-acquiring enzyme activity and the enzyme stoichiometry of C/N were higher in Chloris virgata litter than in Leymus chinensis litter at lightly degraded level and C-acquiring enzyme activity in C. virgata was 16.96% higher than in L. chinensis. P-acquiring enzyme activity had the same trend with litter types in moderately and highly degraded levels and it was 20.71% and 30.89% higher in C. virgata than that in L. chinensis, respectively. The change of the enzyme stoichiometry with litter types was only showed in the enzyme stoichiometry of C/N at lightly degraded level, suggesting that litter types only affected the microbial C limitation in lightly degraded grassland. Almost all soil extracellular enzyme activities and extracellular enzyme stoichiometry, except the enzyme stoichiometry of N/P, decreased with grassland degraded level increasing. All vector angles were less than 45° suggesting that soil microorganisms were limited by N rather than by P during the decomposition process. Enzyme vector analysis revealed that soil microbial communities were co-limited by C and N during litter decomposition. Moreover, based on Random Forest (explaining more than 80%), we found that soil total nitrogen, total carbon, total phosphorus, dissolved organic C, pH and EC were important factors affecting soil enzyme activities by degradation levels. Our results emphasized that degradation levels could modulate the influences of litter types on soil extracellular enzyme activity. Our study enhanced our understanding in resource requirements for microbial communities to litter resources in degraded grassland and helped us to provide new ideas for improving degraded grassland ecosystems.

show abstract

Prescribed pH for soil β-glucosidase and phosphomonoesterase do not reflect pH optima

Cited by 28 publications

References 74 publications

Overlooked tools for studying soil nitrogen depolymerization: Aminopeptidase assays using nitroanilide substrates

Overlooked tools for studying soil nitrogen depolymerization: Aminopeptidase assays using nitroanilide substrates

Contribution of enzymes to soil quality and the evolution of research in Brazil

Soil degradation regulates the effects of litter decomposition on soil microbial nutrient limitation: Evidence from soil enzymatic activity and stoichiometry

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