Preschool Vision Screening: Summary of a Task Force Report

Hartmann, E. Eugenie; Dobson, Velma; Hainline, Louise; Marsh‐Tootle, Wendy; Quinn, Graham E.; Ruttum, Mark S.; Schmidt, Paulette P.; Simons, Kurt

doi:10.1542/peds.106.5.1105

Cited by 102 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…1,2 However, there has been concern about the lack of evidence for the effectiveness of preschool vision screening programs, and, consequently, rigorous evaluation of such programs has been called for. [3][4][5][6] Furthermore, because scarcity of resources for health care is increasing, there is a growing interest among decision makers in the cost-effectiveness of health care interventions, 7 yet little is known about the cost-effectiveness of preschool vision screening programs. 3,8,9 In Germany, vision assessment is part of general preventive care examinations performed by general practitioners and pediatricians on children at 21 to 24 months and 42 to 48 months of age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Evaluation of Different Methods of Screening for Amblyopia in Kindergarten

König

Barry

2002

Pediatrics

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confidence: 99%

Economic Evaluation of Different Methods of Screening for Amblyopia in Kindergarten

König

Barry

2002

Pediatrics

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“…[27][28][29][30][31][32] Accordingly, logMAR charts are now routinely employed in clinical vision scientific research and increasingly in routine clinical practice. 33 Detection rates for amblyopia using the logMAR test are twice those of Snellen charts, and reproducibility is superior to Snellen-obtained measures, yet only 25% of UK units have taken to using them. 27,28,29,33,34 It is universally recognised that 'objection to occlusion' is of great value in identifying the presence of amblyopia in very young children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 Detection rates for amblyopia using the logMAR test are twice those of Snellen charts, and reproducibility is superior to Snellen-obtained measures, yet only 25% of UK units have taken to using them. 27,28,29,33,34 It is universally recognised that 'objection to occlusion' is of great value in identifying the presence of amblyopia in very young children. However, attempts to precisely quantify the visual deficit in a standard clinical setting, in children under about 2.5 years, is fraught with difficulty and is of debatable value, because testing generates many spurious results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…52 While the debate on preschool vision screening continues, primary screening backed up by secondary orthoptic/optometric assessment has been shown to substantially decrease the number of inappropriate referrals to hospital clinics. 33,51,[53][54][55][56][57][58] Where this occurred, only 14% were referred to the hospital clinic, of whom 76% were referred back to the community for subsequent full or partial management. 54 Such schemes have also demonstrated that children are referred earlier for treatment (average age decreased from 6.6 years to 5 years) and that the relationship between social deprivation and the age of presentation of asymptomatic amblyopia is abolished.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The assessment and management of strabismus and amblyopia: a national audit

Wickham

Stewart

Charnock

et al. 2002

Eye

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Aims To determine what systems are in place within ophthalmic services for the assessment and management of children suspected of having amblyopia and strabismus. To find out what methods are used for the assessment of these children. Methods A questionnaire-based study auditing 288 orthoptic departments in the UK. Results Responses were received from 75% orthoptic departments. Most hospitals employ more than one system for the assessment of strabismus and amblyopia, which is generally dependent on route of referral. These include 'orthoptic assessment without refraction' (66%), 'combined orthoptist and ophthalmologist assessment' (66%), while 22% have an entirely orthoptist/optometric system.Ophthalmologists are involved in the initial assessment in 145 units (67%), whereas some units involve an ophthalmologist only if response to treatment is poor (15%), or if surgery is required (6%).Fourteen per cent of units reviewed all children, with discharge criteria being based on normal visual acuity (52%), accurate visual acuity (39%) and a normal orthoptic assessment (42%). Seventy-six per cent of units review some children, commonly as a result of family history (55%), parental concern (43%), poor co-operation (30%) and young age (72%). In the absence of squint or amblyopia children are discharged at the first visit, in only 8% of units.There is considerable variation in the tests used to assess visual acuity. LogMAR-based tests (eg EDTRS) are not routinely used in 75% of units. Conclusion Different systems exist for the assessment and management of squint and amblyopia across the country. While much of this variation is to be expected given their possible aetiologies, some could be reduced to produce a more cohesive service. There is also considerable scope for rationalising the tests used to screen infants and children for amblyopia and strabismus.

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“…[1] Vision impairment related to these conditions can reduce quality of life, function, and school performance. [2] In addition, amblyopia and strabismus can affect normal visual development at a critical period of visual development, resulting in irreversible vision loss.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%