Prepregnancy weight status, prenatal weight gain, and the outcome of term twin gestations

Gestational weight gain in twin pregnancies and maternal and child health: a systematic review

“…Similar findings were observed in the studies that stratified by prepregnancy BMI (21, 22, 26–28, 30), but results were not always statistically significant due to reduced sample sizes. In general, a low rate of GWG in early and late pregnancy was associated with SGA or reduced birth weight in all women (38, 42) or only among lean women (30).…”

“…Control for gestational age was performed in 18 of the 25 studies (19–22, 24–30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 42, 45), for prepregnancy BMI in 17 studies (20–24, 26–28, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 38, 39, 42, 44, 45) (all of which defined BMI based on recalled prepregnancy weight), chorionicity and/or assisted reproductive technologies in 3 studies (27, 32, 33), and other covariates in 11 studies (20, 22, 24, 27, 32, 36–38, 41, 42, 44). Nine presented results stratified by prepregnancy BMI categories (21, 22, 26–28, 30, 35, 39) (including one which presented results only for normal weight women (27)). Seventeen studies based their measure of GWG on self-reported prepregnancy weight and a last measured prenatal weight (19, 20, 25–27, 30–33, 35, 38–43, 45), and 9 studied pattern of GWG (19, 25, 30, 32, 35, 37, 38, 41, 42).…”

“…low birth weight <2500g, very low birth weight <1500g, or mean birth weight) was the only outcome evaluated in four studies (21, 22, 28, 30) and was one of several other fetal growth measures in five other studies (20, 26, 36–38). Using absolute birth weight as an outcome is problematic because it cannot separate infants who are small due to preterm delivery from infants who are small due to intrauterine growth restriction (49).…”

Nutrition for Multiples

“…117 The general consensus among researchers who have evaluated these guidelines for twins is that total weight gain should be at least 40 to 45 pounds (18 to 20 kg), with an emphasis on adequate weight gain before 24 weeks' gestation. [128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138] In addition, term for twins may occur 2 to 4 weeks earlier than term for singletons. 12,13 The pattern of maternal weight gain has been shown to be as important as total weight gain in its effect on birthweight in both singleton and twin pregnancies.…”

Wachstum bei Mehrlingsschwangerschaften

“…3 ) [13,[17][18][19][20] . Auch die maternale Gewichtszunahme bei Mehrlingsgravidität unterscheidet sich von Einlingsschwangerschaften [5,13,21,22] . Das Muster der maternalen Gewichtszunahme hängt mit dem neonatalen Outcome zusammen: Eine niedrige Gewichtszunahme ( ^ 0,4 kg/Woche) vor der 24.…”