Preparing for disaster: public attitudes and actions

Larsson, Gerry; Enander, Ann

doi:10.1108/09653569710162415

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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Misconception as a Barrier to Teaching about Disasters

Alexander

2007

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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IntroductionNumerous studies of how the public perceives risk and disaster have been published. [1][2][3] The field has also broadened to include research about the influence of culture on perception, 4,5 in particular, the impact of popular culture (e.g., disaster movies). [6][7][8] Considerable evidence has accrued from these studies to show that myths and misconceptions about catastrophes are widespread, deeply rooted, and dearly held. 9,10 As Jeffrey Arnold stated, "At least one thing has become predictable about disasters in recent years-once a disaster begins to unfold, an outbreak of disaster mythology is likely to ensue." 11 This reaction is particularly tragic in response to disasters, in which incorrect beliefs often are the basis for misguided actions that lead to avoidable casualties and suffering. The problem is particularly important regarding the people who elect to study or manage disasters, however, their perceptions have not been analyzed extensively. 12 This addresses this issue by examining how groups of university students and trainee emergency managers reacted to a set of statements about disasters and disaster management. The members of each group were asked to complete a questionnaire that asked each member to agree with a set of statements. Each statement represented a misconception, a "myth" about disaster, has been more or less soundly discredited by experience and research. The Abstract Introduction: This paper is a report on an exercise designed to reveal the extent of belief in the common myths about disasters held by members of four groups of students from the University of Massachusetts and three groups of trainee emergency workers from Italy. Methods: A questionnaire was administered in which students and trainees were asked to agree or disagree with 19 statements about disasters. These statements were based on common misconceptions about disasters and are at least statements untenable in statistical terms, if not downright wrong. In each case, a Likert scale was used to assess the strength of the students' and trainees' agreement or disagreement with the statements. Results: The results suggest that some of the misconceptions (for example, that panic and looting are widespread reactions to disaster) were strongly held, whereas others (for instance, that disasters cannot be managed) were less well-rooted. Despite years of refutation by experts, all groups firmly believed that dead bodies constitute a health hazard if they are not disposed of quickly. Attitudes to the proposition that technology offers a solution to the disaster problem were equivocal. Conclusions: Though the results of the study by no means were homogeneous, students and emergency workers, on either side of the Atlantic, bring many of the same misconceptions that the mass media continually propagates. These beliefs represent a serious challenge for the instructor who wants to ensure that disasters and emergencies are not misconstrued. Alexander DE: Misconception as a barrier to teaching about disasters. PrehospDis...

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Misconception as a Barrier to Teaching about Disasters

Alexander

2007

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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“…Por este sentido, han surgido varios modelos para describir el comportamiento del pánico de las personas en situaciones de emergencia [8], [30], [59]- [61] hecho que demuestra el interés de la comunidad científica en el tema de manejo de emergencias en diversas áreas del conocimiento.…”

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Modelación y simulación de comportamientos humanos en situaciones de emergencia en un call center: una revisión crítica de literatura

2018

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[7]. En las organizaciones, y para establecer planes de emergencia efectivos, cumplir con las normas colombianas y salvaguardar el bienestar y la vida de las personas que laboran en un espacio empresarial determinado, se han dedicado esfuerzos considerables en estudios e investigaciones con el fin de elaborar, mejorar y aplicar nuevos planes de emergencia [8].Cada empresa tiene dentro de sus instalaciones personas trabajando en diversas labores. A cada puesto de trabajo se le asigna una persona la cual fue previamente seleccionada por sus aptitudes técnicas, físicas y comportamentales entre otras. Esas aptitudes, además del pánico generado por los eventos de emergencia, influyen en la reacción de cada individuo ante una situación de emergencia [5]Así, poder comprender, modelar y simular el comportamiento de las personas en diferentes situaciones de emergencia, constituye un problema de investigación pertinente, de modo que permita orientar y Resumen. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de literatura de la modelación y simulación de comportamientos humanos en situaciones de emergencia en un call center. Para la búsqueda se consultaron bases de datos bibliográficas como Scopus, Sciencedirect, y Emerald entre otras, en las que, tras realizar un proceso estructurado de revisión bibliográfica, se encontraron más de 50 artículos. La clasificación de los artículos encontrados se hizo en cuatro categorías: (1) tipo de análisis, (2) tipo de emergencia, (3) tipo de entorno y (4) tipo de comportamiento. En los tipos de análisis de los artículos se encontró que la mayoría se enfocan en estudios estadísticos y heurísticos; los entornos analizados se enfocan principalmente en edificios de oficinas y de otros tipos como vivienda, y locales comerciales; el evento más analizado es el incendio; y en cuanto al tipo de comportamiento se encuentra que son diversas las formas en las cuales las personas reaccionan ante eventos de emergencia. Se encuentra en la literatura consultada la caracterización de los posibles comportamientos de las personas que pueden tener en un evento de emergencia, esto con el fin de tener una aproximación de tales comportamientos dentro de la simulación de eventos de emergencia. Abstract. This paper presents

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“…Canadian municipalities face many hazards that occasionally interact with community vulnerabilities to trigger major emergencies. Nevertheless, under normal conditions, citizens go about their lives with scarcely a thought to the hazards that lurk in their environment (Larsson and Enander 1997). Emergencies, by nature rare and unexpected, are generally not regarded by the public as a pressing problem requiring government intervention.…”

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Explaining local policy choices: A Multiple Streams analysis of municipal emergency management

Henstra

2010

Can Public Adm

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Canadian municipal governments are expected to play a central role in emergency management, which involves developing policies and programs to cope with emergencies and their impacts. But although all communities face potential emergencies, the quality of municipal emergency planning varies considerably from one community to another. This suggests that some municipal decision‐makers have recognized emergencies as a problem and have prioritized this issue relative to others competing for attention and resources. This article examines policy‐making in municipal emergency management through the lens of the Multiple Streams framework, an analytical model that explains how problems are recognized, how and why they are added to the decision agenda, and how they are matched with policy solutions. Sommaire : Les gouvernements municipaux canadiens sont supposés jouer un rôle essentiel dans la gestion des urgences, ce qui implique l'élaboration de politiques et de programmes pour faire face aux urgences et à leurs répercussions. Mais alors que toutes les collectivités font face à des urgences éventuelles, la qualité de la planification des urgences à l'échelle municipale varie considérablement d'une collectivitéà une autre. Cela laisse entendre que certains décisionnaires municipaux ont reconnu les urgences comme étant un problème et ont accordé la prioritéà cette question par rapport à d'autres rivalisant pour obtenir de l'attention et des ressources. Le présent article examine l'élaboration de politiques dans le domaine de la gestion des urgences dans une municipalité par le biais du cadre Sources multiples, un modèle analytique qui explique comment les problèmes sont reconnus, comment et pourquoi ils sont ajoutés au programme de décisions, et quelles sont les solutions en matière de politiques pour les résoudre.

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Preparing for disaster: public attitudes and actions

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Misconception as a Barrier to Teaching about Disasters

Misconception as a Barrier to Teaching about Disasters

Modelación y simulación de comportamientos humanos en situaciones de emergencia en un call center: una revisión crítica de literatura

Explaining local policy choices: A Multiple Streams analysis of municipal emergency management

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