Preparing for COVID‐19’s Effect on <i>Legionella</i> and Building Water Systems

Deem, Steve

doi:10.1002/awwa.1578

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, the studies are focused on the problems that may occur in the water system infrastructure [112] due to the changes in water demand. Hence, the topics studied were the risks of the degradation of the water quality in buildings' plumbing (increased levels of lead or copper) and the increased risks of the appearance and growth of bacteria counts (e.g., Legionella) [113][114][115][116][117]. Water demand patterns radically changed with the pandemic; household consumption increased all over the world [4][5][6][107][108][109], while industrial and public (universities, colleges, schools, administrative buildings, hotels, etc.)…”

Section: Access To Safe and Improved Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Access To Safe and Improved Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 and Water Variables: Review and Scientometric Analysis

Mare

Hadarean

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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COVID-19 has changed the world since 2020, and the field of water specifically, boosting scientific productivity (in terms of published articles). This paper focuses on the influence of COVID-19 on scientific productivity with respect to four water variables: (i) wastewater, (ii) renewable water resources, (iii) freshwater withdrawal, and (iv) access to improved and safe drinking water. The field’s literature was firstly reviewed, and then the maps were built, emphasizing the strong connections between COVID-19 and water-related variables. A total of 94 countries with publications that assess COVID-19 vs. water were considered and evaluated for how they clustered. The final step of the research shows that, on average, scientific productivity on the water topic was mostly conducted in countries with lower COVID-19 infection rates but higher development levels as represented by gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and the human development index (HDI). According to the statistical analysis, the water-related variables are highly significant, with positive coefficients. This validates that countries with higher water-related values conducted more research on the relationship with COVID-19. Wastewater and freshwater withdrawal had the highest impact on the scientific productivity with respect to COVID-19. Access to safe drinking water becomes insignificant in the presence of the development parameters.

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Section: Access To Safe and Improved Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Access To Safe and Improved Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 and Water Variables: Review and Scientometric Analysis

Mare

Hadarean

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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“…Future research should survey resident user behavior to determine low and high water usage patterns and use real-time data to identify risk factors associated with OPPP contamination. In addition, recent studies were conducted following extended stagnation (weeks to months) due to stay-at-home orders associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, including field studies and review papers. − ,,− The published studies to-date mostly focus on university buildings, schools, or other commercial-scale buildings. Nevertheless, those studies indicate that stagnation is critical to consider when evaluating OPPP growth in buildings.…”

Section: Residential Plumbing Design and Operationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Critical Review on the Factors that Influence Opportunistic Premise Plumbing Pathogens: From Building Entry to Fixtures in Residences

Logan-Jackson

Batista

Healy

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Residential buildings provide unique conditions for opportunistic premise plumbing pathogen (OPPP) exposure via aerosolized water droplets produced by showerheads, faucets, and tubs. The objective of this review was to critically evaluate the existing literature that assessed the impact of potentially enhancing conditions to OPPP occurrence associated with residential plumbing and to point out knowledge gaps. Comprehensive studies on the topic were found to be lacking. Major knowledge gaps identified include the assessment of OPPP growth in the residential plumbing, from building entry to fixtures, and evaluation of the extent of the impact of typical residential plumbing design (e.g., trunk and branch and manifold), components (e.g., valves and fixtures), water heater types and temperature setting of operation, and common pipe materials (copper, PEX, and PVC/CPVC). In addition, impacts of the current plumbing code requirements on OPPP responses have not been assessed by any study and a lack of guidelines for OPPP risk management in residences was identified. Finally, the research required to expand knowledge on OPPP amplification in residences was discussed.

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“…The work-from-home evolution accelerated by COVID-19 may have a long-lasting impact on water demand patterns that will likely affect water quality in the distribution system well beyond the point of treatment. For example, reduced water demand and longer water residence times in school, commercial, and hospitality buildings may result in elevated lead or copper levels or increased bacteria counts (e.g., Legionella) (Berglund et al 2021;Deem 2020;AWWA 2020b). Water systems should evaluate options for flushing or circulating water, maintaining disinfectant residuals, and bringing in chlorinated water to an otherwise low-flow area.…”

Section: Research Questionsmentioning

confidence: 99%