Preparedness for a monkeypox outbreak

Luo, Qi; Han, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.imj.2022.07.001

Cited by 61 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…After this case in July 2021, two additional travelassociated cases were detected in the United States and the United Kingdom (19,20), and in May 2022, an unprecedented number of monkeypox cases were identified from multiple clusters worldwide (35,36). Current outbreaks of human monkeypox cases in endemic and nonendemic regions, and the increasing frequency of which travel-associated cases are occurring, necessitate a further need to understand transmission dynamics within a household setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Persistence of Monkeypox Virus on Surfaces in Household of Person with Travel-Associated Infection, Dallas, Texas, USA, 2021

Morgan¹,

Whitehill²,

Doty³

et al. 2022

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Persistence of Monkeypox Virus on Surfaces in Household of Person with Travel-Associated Infection, Dallas, Texas, USA, 2021

Morgan¹,

Whitehill²,

Doty³

et al. 2022

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…The early clinical presentation of HPMX included a combination of the following typical symptoms: fever, headache, chills, tiredness, asthenia, swelling of the lymph nodes, back pain, and muscle aches (23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When a neglected tropical zoonotic disease emerges in non-endemic countries: Need to proactively fill the unveiled knowledge gaps towards human monkeypox among the Lebanese population

Abboud¹,

Kawtharni²,

Zheim³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Introduction: The ongoing multi-country outbreak of monkeypox (MPX) that emerges in non-endemic areas is a rare and unprecedented event that ignited a widespread public health concern. So far, Lebanon has reported four confirmed cases of MPX. Since good knowledge about the MPX virus and its associated disease is paramount for helping the Lebanese population prepare for a possible outbreak, therefore, it is important to assess their current level of knowledge regarding MPX and to identify its associated factors to highlight gaps in knowledge that should be filled.Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted over the first two weeks of August 2022 among adults aged 18 years and above recruited from all Lebanese provinces using a convenience sampling technique. An anonymous, Arabic, self-reported questionnaire covering all main aspects of knowledge regarding MPX was developed and adapted based on the available literature. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify the factors associated with knowledge level.Results: A total of 793 Lebanese adults participated in the study. The overall level of knowledge level regarding human MPX was poor among the Lebanese population; with only 33.04% of them having a good knowledge level ≥60%. Knowledge gaps and a substantial poor knowledge level were found in the majority of MPX knowledge domains especially those related to the routes of transmission (76.67%), clinical presentation and symptoms (71.63%), treatment (86.25%), and severity of the disease (91.3%). Interestingly, participants have a good knowledge level of the precautionary measures (80.45%), and the response to a suspected infection (65.20%). Female gender, increased age, and living in rural areas were found negatively associated with a good level of knowledge. However, participants with higher educational levels, those working in the medical field, those suffering from chronic disease/immunodeficiency, and participants with moderate/high economic situations were more likely to have a good knowledge score compared to their counterparts.Conclusion: The current study pointed out to poor knowledge level regarding MPX among the Lebanese population with substantial knowledge gaps in the majority of aspects of MPX knowledge. Our findings stress the urgent need to raise awareness and proactively fill the unveiled gaps, especially among less informed groups.

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“…Meanwhile, population-based active surveillance of HMPX in African countries from 2005 to 2007 on 7600 patients estimated an average annual incidence rate of 5.53 per 10,000 people (ranging from 2.18 to 14.42 per 10,000 based on the region), which increased about 20-fold compared to incidence reports in the 1980s. This surveillance also found that risk factors that increase HMPX include: living in rainforest areas, male sex, age <15 years, and unvaccinated smallpox; the risk of developing HMPX among unvaccinated persons was estimated to be approximately 5.2 times that of vaccinated persons (4.05/10,000 vs. 0.78/10,000) (Luo and Han 2022). In mid-2018, the first report of people taking the HMPX virus out of Africa appeared in 2003 was occurred (Erez et al 2019, Yinka-Ogunleye et al 2018.…”

Section: Hmpx Epidemics From 2004 To 2021mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…On top of that, the WHO is also concerned that the reported cases may underestimate the prevalence of HMPX. Because some HMPX patients have relatively mild symptoms and self-limited disease course, they may not seek medical attention; globally, the clinical medical staff actually lack clinical knowledge of HMPX and does not have access to available diagnostic reagents and other supplies; it is more important to establish an effective monitoring system immediately difficult (Luo and Han 2022).…”

Section: Distinctive Characteristics Of the 2022 Hmpx Virus Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Historical Epidemiology of Human Monkeypox: A Review of Evidence from the 1970 Emergence to the 2022 Outbreak

Rahimi

Afaghi

Tarki

et al. 2022

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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Human Monkeypox (HMPX) outbreak in the year 2022 occurs in many countries outside of the African regions, a common location of such outbreaks, with a considerable rate of human-to-human transmission, which was an uncommon route of infection before. The epidemiological reports also represent a sharping pace of infection spreading between communities rather than in previous outbreaks as the following pace of afflictions is unpredictable. Also, the cautions regarding the sexually transmitted infection of the such virus have been raised in this outbreak. Further, the main reservoirs of the recent outbreaks are yet to be revealed. As a consequence, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the 2022 HMPX outbreak as an "Atypical" phenomenon compared to its previous characteristics. To better recognize the properties of this outbreak, herein we systematically described and compared the historical evidence of monkeypox virus outbreaks in the aspects of epidemiological, clinical, and molecular evolutions since its emergence, as well as an explanation of the previous investigations and considerations of WHO and other international health societies over time. The history of human and monkeypox virus interaction during the past 64 years provides viewpoints on preventing strategies and assessing the present and potential future hazards of health implications.

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Preparedness for a monkeypox outbreak

Cited by 61 publications

References 35 publications

Environmental Persistence of Monkeypox Virus on Surfaces in Household of Person with Travel-Associated Infection, Dallas, Texas, USA, 2021

Environmental Persistence of Monkeypox Virus on Surfaces in Household of Person with Travel-Associated Infection, Dallas, Texas, USA, 2021

When a neglected tropical zoonotic disease emerges in non-endemic countries: Need to proactively fill the unveiled knowledge gaps towards human monkeypox among the Lebanese population

The Historical Epidemiology of Human Monkeypox: A Review of Evidence from the 1970 Emergence to the 2022 Outbreak

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