The Historical Epidemiology of Human Monkeypox: A Review of Evidence from the 1970 Emergence to the 2022 Outbreak

Rahimi, Fatemeh Sadat; Afaghi, Siamak; Tarki, Farzad Esmaeili; Bidgoli, Kasra Moeinabadi; Golmohammadi, Maryam; Alamdari, Nasser Malekpour; Besharat, Sara

doi:10.1620/tjem.2022.j081

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Independent MPXV infections with local transmissions have been documented starting in May 2022. [47][48][49] By August 2nd, 2022, the WHO (World Health Organization) had reported 25,047 confirmed cases outside of Africa. The median age of these was 36 years, and 99.9% of them were males.…”

Section: New Face Of Monkeypox Virus the 2022 Mpxv Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-to-Human Transmission of Monkeypox Virus Old Virus with a New Face

Joshi¹,

Loshali²,

Ale³

et al. 2022

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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The outbreak of Monkeypox was declared a public health emergency of worldwide concern by WHO following the (COVID-19) pandemic. The number of reported cases of both suspicion and confirmation has increased in recent years, from over 19,000 between 2000 and 2019 to over 15,600 between 2021 and 2022, and day by day the cases of monkeypox have been reported in 12 member states to three WHO regions. As of May 21, 2022, 92 confirmed cases of monkeypox and 28 suspected cases had been reported to the WHO from more than 12 countries. By the 21st of June 2022, a total of 2677 confirmed cases had been recorded from the UK and other European and non-European countries. According to an extensive literature survey, the total number of registered cases of MPXV was 59,147 between January 2022 to September 14th, 2022, demonstrating that MPXV can spread significantly amongst people and may as a result pose a serious threat to public health with international repercussions. In clade II MPXV virus is currently occurring outside of Africa the WHO reported 25,047 confirmed cases as of August 2nd, 2022. Here, we review current better understanding, and studies on monkeypox, including its history, current scenario, epidemiology, causative agent, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, limitations, and the new face of monkeypox, its unusual outbreak attributed to the transformation of transmission and also discussed case studies is discussed in this article.

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Section: New Face Of Monkeypox Virus the 2022 Mpxv Outbreakmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-to-Human Transmission of Monkeypox Virus Old Virus with a New Face

Joshi¹,

Loshali²,

Ale³

et al. 2022

J. Pure Appl. Microbiol.

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“…Human cases were first documented in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Subsequently, the disease has been observed in human populations within Central and West African countries [2]. Since 1970, sporadic cases and localized Mpox outbreaks in humans have been recorded in nine African countries: Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Ivory Coast, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Liberia, Nigeria, and Sierra Leone [1, 3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public Health Strategies Against Social Stigma in the Mpox Outbreak: A Systematic Review

Norberg,

Manhães

et al. 2024

JAMMR

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Background and Aim: In May 2022, the emergence of an outbreak of the Mpox virus was observed across multiple countries, precipitating swift global dissemination. The present Mpox outbreak exhibits unusual characteristics in contrast to antecedent occurrences. A salient peculiarity is the noteworthy incidence of confirmed cases among men who have sex with men. The aim of this research is to discern, within the current scientific literature, the most pertinent and efficacious public health strategies for preventing or mitigating Mpox-related social stigmatization. Methods: Employing the PRISMA model, a systematic review was conducted utilizing PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar databases, encompassing articles published from January 2022 to January 2024. Public health strategies to prevent or mitigate Mpox social stigmatization were systematically recorded and summarized for subsequent analysis. Results: Seven articles were identified and analyzed. None of the evaluated articles presented a comprehensive approach concerning public health strategies to counteract social stigmatization amid the Mpox outbreak scenario. The examined studies emphasize the pivotal role of interventions within three axes for public health strategies: awareness and training of healthcare professionals, targeted and sensitive communication addressing the needs of different affected groups, and medical care measures ensuring anonymity and respect for patients. Conclusion: Confronting the proposed strategies with the key issues that trigger stigmatization, it becomes evident that a nuanced calibration of these strategies is required for optimizing the efficacy of public health guidelines implementation. Furthermore, attention to the mental health of Mpox patients is a crucial dimension that cannot be overlooked, given the psychological vulnerability of these individuals, arising from both the disease itself and social stigmatization.

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“…La transmisión de persona a persona se produce a través de la saliva y las excreciones respiratorias (Sklenovská & Van Ranst, 2018). Los informes epidemiológicos indican que la propagación de la infección se ha agudizado entre las comunidades en lugar de producirse en brotes, y el ritmo de las enfermedades es impredecible, con una tasa significativa de transmisión de persona a persona, que antes era una forma poco común de infección (Rahimi et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Comparación estadística de la infección por la viruela del mono (MPOX) entre Norteamérica y Sudamérica

Marín-Machuca,

Ortiz-Guizado,

Alvarado-Zambrano

et al. 2024

Biotempo

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La viruela del mono (mpox) es un virus de la misma familia que la viruela humana, detectada en regiones boscosas tropicales en mayo de 2022 en el Reino Unido y posteriormente en América Latina. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue estudiar, mediante modelos matemáticos, la infectividad del Monkeypox en Norteamérica en comparación epidemiológica con Sudamérica. Se ha tomado en cuenta los datos de contagiados por la viruela del mono tanto en Norteamérica y Sudamérica entre inicio de junio 2022 y fines de febrero 2023. Realizando la dispersión pandémica, se determinó que el modelo matemático de estimación es ; con el cual se estimó el número de personas contagiadas con la viruela del mono, tanto en Norteamérica como en Sudamérica. Se determinó modelo matemático de estimación de la velocidad de contagios con la viruela del mono, tanto de Norteamérica como de Sudamérica, es: . A nivel de significancia del 5 %, las varianzas de las constantes ( ) de los dos modelos son homogéneas, los contagios por la viruela del mono en Norteamérica como en Sudamérica tienen diferencia no significativa; las constantes de proporcionalidad de los modelos son iguales y existe una “correlacion muy fuerte” entre el tiempo y las personas contagiadas por la viruela del mono (mpox).

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The Historical Epidemiology of Human Monkeypox: A Review of Evidence from the 1970 Emergence to the 2022 Outbreak

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Human-to-Human Transmission of Monkeypox Virus Old Virus with a New Face

Human-to-Human Transmission of Monkeypox Virus Old Virus with a New Face

Public Health Strategies Against Social Stigma in the Mpox Outbreak: A Systematic Review

Comparación estadística de la infección por la viruela del mono (MPOX) entre Norteamérica y Sudamérica

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