Preparatory postural adjustments during gait initiation in healthy younger and older adults: Neurophysiological and biomechanical aspects

Khanmohammadi, Roya; Talebian, Saeed; Hadian, Mohammad Reza; Bagheri, Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.039

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Previous studies comparing APAs between young and older groups have been equivocal. The most consistent observation has been a significant decrease in the peak posterior excursion in the CoP in older adults [8, 11], often accompanied by a reduced first step length and speed, particularly in older adults who are transitioning to frailty [5]. Yet, other studies found no significant effect of age during self-initiated stepping [6, 7, 9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipatory postural adjustment patterns during gait initiation across the adult lifespan

Huffmaster

Harvey

et al. 2017

Gait & Posture

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Gait initiation involves a complex sequence of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) during the transition from steady state standing to forward locomotion. APAs have four core components that function to accelerate the center of mass forwards and towards the initial single-support stance limb. These components include loading of the initial step leg, unloading of the initial stance leg, and excursion of the center of pressure in the posterior and lateral (towards the stepping leg) directions. This study examined the incidence, magnitude, and timing of these components and how they change across the lifespan (ages 20–79). 157 individuals performed five trials of self-paced, non-cued gait initiation on a computerized walkway. At least one component of the APA was absent in 23% of all trials. The component most commonly absent was loading of the initial step leg (absent in 10% of all trials in isolation, absent in 10% of trials in conjunction with another missing component). Trials missing all four components were rare (1%) and were observed in both younger and older adults. There was no significant difference across decades in the incidence of trials without an APA, the number or type of APA components absent, or the magnitude or timing of the APA components. These data demonstrate that one or more components of the APA sequence are commonly absent in the general population and the spatiotemporal profile of the APA does not markedly change with ageing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipatory postural adjustment patterns during gait initiation across the adult lifespan

Huffmaster

Harvey

et al. 2017

Gait & Posture

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated that pre-movement negativity relates to the velocity of the subsequent movement (Khanmohammadi, Talebian, Hadian, Olyaei, & Bagheri, 2015; Lang, 2003), suggesting that motor cortical preparation may include processing of the impending movement’s velocity. Thus, the lost statistical effect of group on pre-movement negativity amplitudes when including velocity as a covariate suggests that the group difference in cortical motor preparation may be at least partially mediated by cortical processing of the impending movement’s velocity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task-related and person-related variables influence the effect of low back pain on anticipatory postural adjustments

Jacobs

Lyman

Hitt

et al. 2017

Human Movement Science

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Background People with low back pain exhibit altered postural coordination that has been suggested as a target for treatment, but heterogeneous presentation has rendered it difficult to identify appropriate candidates and protocols for such treatments. This study evaluated the associations of task-related and person-related factors with the effect of low back pain on anticipatory postural adjustments. Methods Thirteen subjects with and 13 without low back pain performed seated, rapid arm flexion in self-initiated and cued conditions. Mixed-model ANOVA were used to evaluate group and condition effects on APA onset latencies of trunk muscles, arm-raise velocity, and pre-movement cortical potentials. These measures were evaluated for correlation with pain ratings, Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire scores, and Modified Oswestry Questionnaire scores. Findings Delayed postural adjustments of subjects with low back pain were greater in the cued condition than in the self-initiated condition. The group with low back pain exhibited larger-amplitude cortical potentials than the group without pain, but also significantly slower arm-raise velocities. With arm-raise velocity as a covariate, the effect of low back pain remained significant for the latencies of postural adjustments but not for cortical potentials. Latencies of the postural adjustments significantly correlated with Oswestry and Fear Avoidance Beliefs scores. Interpretation Delayed postural adjustments with low back pain appear to be influenced by cueing of movement, pain-related disability and fear of activity. These results highlight the importance of subject characteristics, task condition, and task performance when comparing across studies or when developing treatment of people with low back pain.

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“…The CNV potentials were recorded from scalp midline channels located at the frontal (Fz), central or vertex (Cz), and parietal (Pz) that referenced to the mastoid protuberance, monopolar EEG recording mode (Khanmohammadi et al 2015 ). The participant was grounded by a surface ground electrode placed on the Fpz.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparatory brain activity and anticipatory postural adjustments accompanied by externally cued weighted-rapid arm rise task in non-specific chronic low back pain patients and healthy subjects

et al. 2016

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ObjectiveCortical reorganization is one of the most plausible mechanisms underlying impairment of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in low back pain (LBP) patients. In order to clarify changes in corticomotor neurophysiology, APAs were assessed by using electromyography (EMG) and electroencephalography (EEG).MethodsAn equal number (29) of nonspecific LBP patients and healthy subjects performed unilateral rapid arm movements in response to auditory imperative stimulus preceded by warning stimulus within 2 s interstimulus interval. Burst onset activity was calculated in relation to the activity of anterior deltoid for bilateral transverse abdominis/internal oblique (TrA/IO), and also postural muscles on left side, including rectus abdominis, external oblique (E.O), erector spinae and medial head of gastrocnemius (Gc.M). Contingent negative variation (CNV) potentials were recorded by scalp EEG, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was analyzed.ResultsIn LBP patients, there was a significant onset delay for E.O and bilateral TrA/IO, but a significant earlier activity for Gc.M (for both P < 0.05). The CNV parameters were considerably greater in LBP patients (P < 0.01). The AUC was significant just for left TrA/IO and E.O muscles (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe CNV amplitudes were increased, and APA onset times re-organized to be delayed at the trunk and early at the distal limb in LBP cases. These findings support the hypothesis about reorganized activity of cerebral cortex in LBP patients.

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Preparatory postural adjustments during gait initiation in healthy younger and older adults: Neurophysiological and biomechanical aspects

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Anticipatory postural adjustment patterns during gait initiation across the adult lifespan

Anticipatory postural adjustment patterns during gait initiation across the adult lifespan

Task-related and person-related variables influence the effect of low back pain on anticipatory postural adjustments

Preparatory brain activity and anticipatory postural adjustments accompanied by externally cued weighted-rapid arm rise task in non-specific chronic low back pain patients and healthy subjects

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