The shortest synthetic routes to nine cis-pheromones containing a variety of functionality, including an unconjugated (E,Z) diene, are reported. These lepidopteran pheromones are used extensively for pest control, and were easily prepared using ruthenium-based Z-selective cross metathesis, highlighting the advantages of this method over less efficient ways to form Z-olefins. Important insight into the mechanism of Z-selective metathesis was uncovered during experimentation and subsequently explored.
KeywordsZ-olefin; insect pheromone; olefin metathesis; seed oil derivatives; unconjugated diene The use of insect sex pheromones to limit specifically targeted pest populations has gained increasing popularity as a viable, safe, and environmentally-friendly alternative to insecticides. While broad spectrum insecticides are toxic compounds that have been shown to adversely affect human health, [1] extensive studies have revealed that insect pheromones are nontoxic and safe for human consumption at the levels used in pest control practices. [2] Female sex pheromones are mainly employed in pest control in a process termed mating