“…Similar distorted geometries were observed for bis(dipyrrinato)Cu(II), -Co(II) and -Zn(II) complexes [ 15 , 79 , 108 , 169 , 185 , 189 , 190 , 194 , 195 ]. In general, Zn(II) complexes prefer a tetrahedral configuration bis(dipyrrinato)Zn(II) complexes typically show a dihedral angle of 90° [ 169 ].…”
Section: Dipyrrinato Complexes As Pss For Pdtsupporting
confidence: 74%
“…Complexes based on the bivalent metal ions nickel (Ni(II)) and copper (Cu(II)) generally favor square planar or tetrahedral configurations, depending on the nature of their ligands [ 169 ]. Steric repulsion from α -substituents can be accommodated by increasing the inter-ligand dihedral angles and thereby creating intermediate geometries between square planar and tetrahedral [ 15 , 169 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 , 194 ]. According to the Brunings-Corwin principle, the inter-ligand dihedral angles between the dipyrrinato units were determined to be proportional to the size of the α ligands (R 1 ) [ 186 ].…”
Section: Dipyrrinato Complexes As Pss For Pdtmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, the introduction of dissymmetry as a tool for enhancing triplet generation (instead of fluorescence suppression) in these complexes, similar to what was seen for Zn-8 , could be investigated further. Less is known about other d 10 bis(dipyrrinato) complexes such as tris(dipyrrinato)Cd(II) and -Hg(II) complexes; however, a few examples have been mentioned in the literature [ 182 , 185 , 198 , 212 , 213 , 214 , 215 , 216 ]. For instance, Cd(II) ions in bis(dipyrrinato)Cd(II) complexes are able to bind with one or two additional ligands, which Zn(II) cannot [ 214 ].…”
Section: Dipyrrinato Complexes As Pss For Pdtmentioning
Within this work, we review the metal coordination effect on the photophysics of metal dipyrrinato complexes. Dipyrrinato complexes are promising candidates in the search for alternative transition metal photosensitizers for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). These complexes can be activated by irradiation with light of a specific wavelength, after which, cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated. The metal coordination allows for the use of the heavy atom effect, which can enhance the triplet generation necessary for generation of ROS. Additionally, the flexibility of these complexes for metal ions, substitutions and ligands allows the possibility to tune their photophysical properties. A general overview of the mechanism of photodynamic therapy and the properties of the triplet photosensitizers is given, followed by further details of dipyrrinato complexes described in the literature that show relevance as photosensitizers for PDT. In particular, the photophysical properties of Re(I), Ru(II), Rh(III), Ir(III), Zn(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Ga(III), In(III) and Al(III) dipyrrinato complexes are discussed. The potential for future development in the field of (dipyrrinato)metal complexes is addressed, and several new research topics are suggested throughout this work. We propose that significant advances could be made for heteroleptic bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II) and homoleptic bis(dipyrrinato)palladium(II) complexes and their application as photosensitizers for PDT.
“…Similar distorted geometries were observed for bis(dipyrrinato)Cu(II), -Co(II) and -Zn(II) complexes [ 15 , 79 , 108 , 169 , 185 , 189 , 190 , 194 , 195 ]. In general, Zn(II) complexes prefer a tetrahedral configuration bis(dipyrrinato)Zn(II) complexes typically show a dihedral angle of 90° [ 169 ].…”
Section: Dipyrrinato Complexes As Pss For Pdtsupporting
confidence: 74%
“…Complexes based on the bivalent metal ions nickel (Ni(II)) and copper (Cu(II)) generally favor square planar or tetrahedral configurations, depending on the nature of their ligands [ 169 ]. Steric repulsion from α -substituents can be accommodated by increasing the inter-ligand dihedral angles and thereby creating intermediate geometries between square planar and tetrahedral [ 15 , 169 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188 , 189 , 190 , 191 , 192 , 193 , 194 ]. According to the Brunings-Corwin principle, the inter-ligand dihedral angles between the dipyrrinato units were determined to be proportional to the size of the α ligands (R 1 ) [ 186 ].…”
Section: Dipyrrinato Complexes As Pss For Pdtmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additionally, the introduction of dissymmetry as a tool for enhancing triplet generation (instead of fluorescence suppression) in these complexes, similar to what was seen for Zn-8 , could be investigated further. Less is known about other d 10 bis(dipyrrinato) complexes such as tris(dipyrrinato)Cd(II) and -Hg(II) complexes; however, a few examples have been mentioned in the literature [ 182 , 185 , 198 , 212 , 213 , 214 , 215 , 216 ]. For instance, Cd(II) ions in bis(dipyrrinato)Cd(II) complexes are able to bind with one or two additional ligands, which Zn(II) cannot [ 214 ].…”
Section: Dipyrrinato Complexes As Pss For Pdtmentioning
Within this work, we review the metal coordination effect on the photophysics of metal dipyrrinato complexes. Dipyrrinato complexes are promising candidates in the search for alternative transition metal photosensitizers for application in photodynamic therapy (PDT). These complexes can be activated by irradiation with light of a specific wavelength, after which, cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated. The metal coordination allows for the use of the heavy atom effect, which can enhance the triplet generation necessary for generation of ROS. Additionally, the flexibility of these complexes for metal ions, substitutions and ligands allows the possibility to tune their photophysical properties. A general overview of the mechanism of photodynamic therapy and the properties of the triplet photosensitizers is given, followed by further details of dipyrrinato complexes described in the literature that show relevance as photosensitizers for PDT. In particular, the photophysical properties of Re(I), Ru(II), Rh(III), Ir(III), Zn(II), Pd(II), Pt(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Ga(III), In(III) and Al(III) dipyrrinato complexes are discussed. The potential for future development in the field of (dipyrrinato)metal complexes is addressed, and several new research topics are suggested throughout this work. We propose that significant advances could be made for heteroleptic bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II) and homoleptic bis(dipyrrinato)palladium(II) complexes and their application as photosensitizers for PDT.
“…The nature of the medium had a significant effect on the efficiency of the photodegradation processes. The results of the analysis of the boundary molecular orbitals (LUMO and HOMO) energy levels [ 23 , 24 ] allowed to conclude that the methine meso -spacer and nitrogen atoms of the pyrrole rings are most photoactive in dipyrromethene dyes. An effective localization of electron density on these groups and atoms is observed in an excited state, which is conducive to the flow on them of redox reactions.…”
This study focuses on the behavior of a new fluorescent marker for labeling individual biomolecules and staining cell organelles developed on a meso-substituted BODIPY platform. Boron(III) complex with meso-4-methoxycarbonylpropylsubstituted 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethyl-2,2′-dipyrromethene has been synthesized and identified via visible, UV-, NMR- and MS-spectra X-ray. The behavior of fluorophore in solutions has been studied with various experimental techniques. It has been found that luminophore exhibits a high quantum yield (almost ~100–75%) in the blue-green region (513–520 nm) and has high photostability. In addition, biological analysis indicates that the fluorophore exhibits a tendency to effectively penetrate into cell membranes. On the other hand, the proposed BODIPY can be used to study the significant differences among a large number of pathogens of mycotic infections, as well as to visualize structural changes in the plasma membrane, which is necessary for the clearance of mammalian cells undergoing apoptotic cell death.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.