Preparation of Ultrafine Titanium Dioxide Particles Using Hydrolysis and Condensation Reactions in the Inner Aqueous Phase of Reversed Micelles:  Effect of Alcohol Addition

Sakai, Hideki; Kawahara, Hajime; Shimazaki, Masuo; Abe, Masahiko

doi:10.1021/la970952r

Cited by 50 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…3,5,8,9 In the meantime, a number of methods have been explored and developed for the synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticles, such as hydrolysis of Ti(IV) ions, 10 hydrolysis of titanium alkoxides 11 or titanium tetrachloride 12 in gas phase, sol-gel, 13 hydrothermal hydrolysis, 14 and precipitation, 15 of which many studies were devoted to the synthesis of rutile phase, while fewer investigations on the anatase phase. This naively supports that synthesis of pure anatase phase is more challenging than that of rutile.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Preparation of Anatase TiO₂Nanoparticles via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid

Hong¹,

Lee²,

Jung³

et al. 2013

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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The physical and chemical properties of TiO 2 have been of great interest due to the potential application in photocatalytic, photovoltaic, lithium-ion battery and dye-sensitized solar cell systems.1-3 Especially, its characteristic properties in optical and electronic properties, nontoxicity, chemical inertness, and high melting temperatures have drawn extensive research on the ability of semiconductor photocatalyst to promote the photodegradation of various pollutants. 4,5Anatase, brookite, and rutile are the major crystalline structures of TiO 2 , of which rutile phase is most stable; whereas anatase and brookite phases are metastable and easily transformed to rutile phase when heated above about 600-8006,7 As demonstrated in other experimental studies, the anatase form of TiO 2 has shown much higher photoactivity than that of rutile. 3,5,8,9 In the meantime, a number of methods have been explored and developed for the synthesis of TiO 2 nanoparticles, such as hydrolysis of Ti(IV) ions, 10 hydrolysis of titanium alkoxides 11 or titanium tetrachloride 12 in gas phase, sol-gel, 13hydrothermal hydrolysis, 14 and precipitation, 15 of which many studies were devoted to the synthesis of rutile phase, while fewer investigations on the anatase phase. This naively supports that synthesis of pure anatase phase is more challenging than that of rutile. Furthermore, the major products from the above techniques are typically amorphous and require post-calcination for better crystallinity and morphology of the product, which inevitably results in the formation of larger sizes of TiO 2 nanoparticles. Therefore, it is demanding to explore a method that overcomes the problems mentioned above.In order to fabricate small-sized TiO 2 nanoparticles with good crystallinity at room temperature, we have applied a pulsed laser to ablate a Ti plate immersed in deionized water and methanol. Pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) 16 was introduced by Patil and co-workers in 1987 and has been demonstrated to be an effective, simple, and versatile method for synthesizing nanomaterials starting from an appropriate choice of solids and liquids.17-20 Because of relatively simple and clean preparation of nanoparticles using PLAL, coupled with its versatility, many different metal nanostructures providing desired functions have been fabricated. One of the main advantages of PLAL compared to other methods is that it can generate nanomaterials without the need of any catalysts or organic additives. Hence, in recent years, PLAL has become a successful nanomaterial fabrication tool for the formation of the novel nanostructures.19,21-25 However, compared to large investigations on fabrication of TiO 2 by laser ablation in vacuum, 7,26-31 there were few studies on the preparation of TiO 2 nanoparticles by PLAL.32-34 Furthermore in the previous PLAL studies, the synthesis of rutile and mixture of anatase and rutile phase was mostly employed. 34,35In the present note, we report a one-step synthesis of pure anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles by PLA of Ti pla...

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Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Preparation of Anatase TiO₂Nanoparticles via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid

Hong¹,

Lee²,

Jung³

et al. 2013

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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“…and the decrease in specific surface area (increasing mass transfer limitations) [7]. To prepare highly photoactive nanocrystalline TiO 2 powders, a reasonable route would be to reduce the temperature of the phase transformation of amorphous to anatase [8,9]. The hydrothermal technique is a "soft solution chemical process", which facilitates the control of grain size, particle morphology, microstructure, phase composition, and surface chemical properties by adjusting experimental parameters such as temperature, pressure, process duration and the pH value of the solution [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic ozonation of dimethyl phthalate with TiO2 prepared by a hydrothermal method

Yuan

Zhang

2011

Journal of Hazardous Materials

106

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“…They were mainly developed for the preparation of metallic or semiconducting nanoparticles, and are based on the use of preformed micelles in an organic solvent. The water‐in‐oil microemulsion method9–10 is also used to prepare nanoparticles in the inner aqueous phase of reverse micelles 11…”

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confidence: 99%

Highly Stable Metal Hydrous Oxide Colloids by Inorganic Polycondensation in Suspension

et al. 2003

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The interest in finely dispersed particles with controlled properties significantly increased in recent years not only for fundamental reasons but also due to the various applications of well-defined nanoparticles (e.g., in catalysis, magnetism, microelectronics, optics, and medicine). The properties of nanoparticles depend not only on their chemical composition but also on their size and morphology. Hence, much effort has focused on the development of new strategies for the synthesis of particles with controlled characteristics. Nevertheless, further improvements are still required, especially with regard to size control over a wide range, shape design, and long-term stability of colloidal suspensions in the presence of additives.Here we report on the preparation of highly stable suspensions of metal hydrous oxides. The most commonly used method of generating metal hydroxide nanoparticles is through precipitation from homogeneous solutions by hydrolysis of metal cations. [1][2][3] The key parameters in the synthesis are the pH value, the temperature, the nature of the counterions, the reactant concentrations, the aging time, and also processing conditions, such as the feed rate of reactants. Growth control can be achieved by the use of strong complexing agents [4] or polyelectrolytes. Particle suspensions thus produced are electrostatically stabilized and are unstable at high ionic strength. Nanoreactor-based methods of preparation using surfactant or amphiphilic block copolymer assemblies allow dispersions of uniform particles to be directly prepared.[5-8] They were mainly developed for the preparation of metallic or semiconducting nanoparticles, and are based on the use of preformed micelles in an organic solvent. The water-in-oil microemulsion method [9][10] is also used to prepare nanoparticles in the inner aqueous phase of reverse micelles.[11]Here we present a direct method for the preparation of sterically stabilized colloids of metal hydroxides in aqueous media, based on the use of double hydrophilic block copolymers (DHBCs). The DHBCs do not self-assemble in water; they behave as soluble polymers or polyelectrolytes. To ensure simultaneous control of particle growth and stabilization, DHBCs with an anionic metal-binding block and a neutral stabilizing block were used. The metal-complexing block acts as a growth inhibitor, while the neutral block promotes colloidal stabilization. A review on the synthesis and applications of DHBCs was recently published by Cölfen.[12] Such polymers proved to be convenient for controlled precipitation of inorganic powders [13][14][15][16] and the preparation of nanosized metal particles [17] in polar solvents. DHBCs were also used to control the morphology of organic crystals and for separating racemates into enantiomers.[18] The aim of our approach has been to elucidate the mechanisms of the formation of nanoparticles from aqueous inorganic precursors in the presence of hydrophilic block copolymers. Knowledge of the mechanisms that combine induced structuring of the poly...

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Preparation of Ultrafine Titanium Dioxide Particles Using Hydrolysis and Condensation Reactions in the Inner Aqueous Phase of Reversed Micelles: Effect of Alcohol Addition

Cited by 50 publications

References 10 publications

Simple Preparation of Anatase TiO₂Nanoparticles via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid

Simple Preparation of Anatase TiO₂Nanoparticles via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid

Photocatalytic ozonation of dimethyl phthalate with TiO2 prepared by a hydrothermal method

Highly Stable Metal Hydrous Oxide Colloids by Inorganic Polycondensation in Suspension

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Preparation of Ultrafine Titanium Dioxide Particles Using Hydrolysis and Condensation Reactions in the Inner Aqueous Phase of Reversed Micelles: Effect of Alcohol Addition

Cited by 50 publications

References 10 publications

Simple Preparation of Anatase TiO2Nanoparticles via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid

Simple Preparation of Anatase TiO2Nanoparticles via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid

Photocatalytic ozonation of dimethyl phthalate with TiO2 prepared by a hydrothermal method

Highly Stable Metal Hydrous Oxide Colloids by Inorganic Polycondensation in Suspension

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Simple Preparation of Anatase TiO₂Nanoparticles via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid

Simple Preparation of Anatase TiO₂Nanoparticles via Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquid