Preparation of spherical carbonated foam/Zn–Al layered double oxides composite anode and its superior cycling stability in Zinc–Nickel secondary batteries

ZnO@SnO2 Micron Flower as an Anode Material to Enhance the Cycling Performance of Zinc–Nickel Secondary Batteries

“…In contrast, the N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherms of H-ZnO (Figure S3b) and ZnO@SnO 2 (Figure S3c) show type-IV isotherms. They show adsorption hysteresis loops in the relative pressure ( P / P 0 ) range of 0.8–1.0, and this hysteresis loop is attributed to the loose accumulation of nanosheets . Moreover, the average particle size of ZnO@SnO 2 (508.5327 nm) shows an increase compared to H-ZnO (470.6452 nm), which is caused by the adsorption of SnO 2 on the surface of flower-like ZnO.…”

“…28,29 (iii) Zinc oxide as a conventional anode material for Zn−Ni batteries does not exhibit particularly excellent electrochemical properties. Therefore, calcium zincate, 30 Zn−Al layered double oxides, 31 and Zn−Al layered double hydroxides 32 Moreover, the strategy optimization and application exploration of anode-free cells 33 not only reduce the manufacturing cost but also provide a reference for the development direction of rechargeable metal batteries. SnO 2 is a wide band gap n-type (3.6 eV) semiconductor oxide 34 with a wide range of applications in chemical sensors, solar cells, catalytic carrier materials, etc.…”

“…For these defects of zinc anodes, improvement measures were focused on the following aspects: (i) metal oxides (such as Bi 2 O 3 , PbO, In 2 O 3 ) have been used as additives to increase the hydrogen evolution overpotential of zinc electrodes, thus reducing the self-corrosion rate of zinc anodes. − (ii) The active material of the zinc anode was coated to improve the electrochemical performance of the electrode. , (iii) Zinc oxide as a conventional anode material for Zn–Ni batteries does not exhibit particularly excellent electrochemical properties. Therefore, calcium zincate, Zn–Al layered double oxides, and Zn–Al layered double hydroxides were used as new anode active materials that can effectively enhance the cycling performance of electrodes. Although these measures have played a positive role in improving the overall performance of Zn–Ni batteries, further research is still needed to address the inherent defects of zinc anodes.…”

“…They show adsorption hysteresis loops in the relative pressure (P/ P 0 ) range of 0.8−1.0, and this hysteresis loop is attributed to the loose accumulation of nanosheets. 31 Moreover, the average particle size of ZnO@SnO 2 (508.5327 nm) shows an increase compared to H-ZnO (470.6452 nm), which is caused by the adsorption of SnO 2 on the surface of flower-like ZnO. It is worth noting that the specific surface areas of H-ZnO and ZnO@SnO 2 are 12.7485 and 11.7987 m 2 •g −1 , respectively, which greatly exceed the values of commercial ZnO (4.3733 m 2 •g −1 ).…”

Future Trends and Aging Analysis of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Electric Vehicles

“…The most recent battery candidates developed are Li-Ion [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83], Lipolymer [84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91], and NiMH [122][123][124][125][126][127][128] batteries, due to significant energy density, life cycle, and operating temperature range, where the battery can provide its highest promising efficiency. The other listed batteries are undesirable for EVs; the worst kinds are NaNiCl 2 [92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103], NaS, NiZn [129][130][131][132][133][134][135], and ZnCl 2 . Although NaNiCl 2 and NaS have shown a notable life cycle, their operating temperature is the main reason for not deploying them.…”