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Abstract-This paper studies a dual-level response surface methodology (DRSM) coupled with Booth's algorithm using a simulated annealing (BA-SA) method as a multiobjective technique for parametric modeling and machine design optimization for the first time. The aim of the research is for power maximization and cost of manufacture minimization resulting in a highly optimized wind generator to improve small power generation performance. The DRSM is employed to determine the best set of design parameters for power maximization in a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous generator with an exterior-rotor topology. Additionally, the BA-SA method is investigated to minimize material cost while keeping the volume constant. DRSM by different design functions including mixed resolution robust design, full factorial design, central composite design, and box-behnken design are applied to optimize the power performance resulting in very small errors. An analysis of the variance via multilevel RSM plots is used to check the adequacy of fit in the design region and determines the parameter settings to manufacture a high-quality wind generator. The analytical and numerical calculations have been experimentally verified and have successfully validated the theoretical and multiobjective optimization design methods presented.Index Terms-Dual response surface methodology, Booth's algorithm, synchronous machine, finite element analysis, multiobjective optimization.

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This paper utilizes a Pareto-based, three-dimensional (3-D) analysis to identify complete and partial shading of photovoltaic (PV) systems for an complicated urban environment, where unusual shape of PV and installation topology is studied. The Pareto optimization attempts to minimize losses in a certain area with an improved output energy and without compromising the overall efficiency of the system of which, the nominal operating cell temperature (NOCT) for a glass/glass-module is considered as a significant parameter. The system is referenced to the environment based on IEC61215 via a closed-circuit and resistive load to ensure the module operates at the maximum power point. A Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller is enhanced with an advanced perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm to maintain the PV operating point at its maximum output under various working conditions. The most cost-effective design of the PV module is achieved via optimizing installation parameters such as tilt angle, pitch, and shading to improve the energy yield. The parameter settings and suitability of the design are also determined based on the reduced amount of CO2 emissions. An experimental investigation has been carried out to verify the 3-D shading analysis and NOCT technique for both open-circuit and grid-connected PV modules.

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