Preparation of RF organic aerogels and carbon aerogels by alcoholic sol–gel process

Synthesis of Spherical Carbon Nanoparticles and their EDLC Properties

“…The BET surface area of RFCs was shown in Table 2. The surface area was between 596-758 m 2 /g, slightly larger than those reported by Refs [5][6][7]. According to the value of BET surface area, the RFCs could be divided into two groups: RFC2, RFC4 and RFC6 that have surface area between 596-659 m 2 /g, and RFC1, RFC3, RFC5 and RFC7 that have surface area between 725-758 m 2 /g.…”

“…Sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol and formaldehyde (RF) and subsequent carbonization had been used to synthesize carbon aerogel [5][6][7]. The addition of surfactant such as CTAB in RF solution could prevent RF gel shrinkage on drying.…”

Designing Nanostructured Carbon Xerogels

“…The aim of the carbonization stage is, on the one hand, to obtain thermally stable materials, mostly composed of carbon atoms and, on the other hand, to develop the microporosity of carbon gels (Al-Mutasheb & Ritter, 2003;Quin & Guo, 2001). Variables such as final temperature or heating rate have a significant influence on the textural properties of carbon gels while the type of atmosphere (inert or reactive), in addition to its impact on porosity, has a notable repercussion on their surface chemistry.…”

“…This gives an idea not only of the versatility of this type of carbonaceous materials but also of their complexity, since most of variables involved in the synthesis procedure are not independent, i.e. each one influences not only in certain properties of the gel but may also modify the effect of other variables (Job et al, 2006;Quin & Guo, 2001). The most important parameters that affect the properties of carbon gels are the pH of the precursor solution and the nature and concentration of the reactants, since variations in these parameters cause significant changes in the final porous properties of the carbon gel, making it possible to go from a totally non-porous material to a very highly porous carbon gel by only modifying one of these parameters.…”

Investigation of the Characteristic Properties of Glacial Acetic Acid-Catalyzed Carbon Xerogels and Their Electrochemical Performance for Use as Electrode Materials in Electrical Double-Layer Capacitors

“…Thus, the detailed investigations on the factors affecting the structure of the material (such as the precursor ratio, catalyst, and pyrolysis temperature) are necessary, so that the material has the most appropriate structural properties to be used as an electrode material in the electrical doublelayer capacitor. Moreover, the impurity of the materials also significantly affects their electrochemical performance due to increasing the inner resistance of the electrode, so the organic acid-catalysts are gradually replacing the alkalinecatalysts (e.g., NaOH [3], NaHCO 3 [4], and Na 2 CO 3 [5-8]) 2 Advances in Materials Science and Engineering in the preparation of carbon xerogel. Besides, the preparation procedure is also more and more simplified; the simple drying in ambient conditions is suggested to replace more complicated methods in vacuum condition [2,[9][10][11][12] before to reduce the cost of products.…”