Nitrogen-doped titanium oxide powders were synthesized by the two-microemulsion technique and used as a support for Pt toward photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Two solutions of microemulsion with same water/ oil (w/o) ratio were mixed together to form a slurry of titania precursor, one contains Ti 4+ ions chelated with citric acid aqueous droplets and the other has aqueous ammonia droplets. After the consecutive procedures of evaporation, drying, calcination, and grinding, the nanosized TiO 2-x N x or Pt/TiO 2-x N x photocatalysts were obtained. The synthesized nanosized photocatalysts were then utilized to produce hydrogen by photocatalytic methanol/water splitting in visible light. The effects of Pt loading content, methanol/water ratio, and pH of the methanol/water solution on the performances of the photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution were investigated.

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The effect of activation temperature on the structural properties and the electrochemical performance of KOH-activated carbon xerogel was investigated in range of 700 to 1000 ∘ C. At a high temperature (1000 ∘ C), the chemical activation regenerated a more crystalline network structure of activated carbon xerogels, which was observed by Raman, XRD, and TEM images. Additionally, SEM images, BET, BJH, and -plot were used to study the structural properties of carbon xerogels. The carbon xerogel sample activated at 900 ∘ C was found with the most appropriate structure, which has the high micropore area and a more-balanced porosity between the micropores and mesopores, for using as an electrode material. The highest obtained specific capacitance value was 270 Fg −1 in 6 M KOH electrolyte at scan rate of 5 mVs −1 from the cyclic voltammetry.