Preparation of polyaniline hollow microspheres/zinc composite and its application in lithium battery

Abstract

Polyaniline (PANI) hollow microspheres were synthesized by a self-assembly method in aqueous solution of poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAMPS), and then microspheric zinc (Zn) was introduced into PANI to prepare PANI hollow microspheres/Zn composite. The structure and morphology of as-synthesized samples were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The charge/discharge property, cyclic voltammetry, and alternating current (AC) impedance spectroscopy of as-prepared samples were also examined in detail. The results showed that the electrical conductivity of PANI/Zn composite reached 21.2 ± 0.16 S/cm at 20 wt% of Zn, which was 11.4 S/cm higher than that of PANI. The first discharge capacity of PANI/Zn lithium battery reached 570.8 mAh/g at a current density of 0.2 mA/cm2. After 15 cycles, it remained at 159 mAh/g, which was 107 mAh/g higher than that of PANI lithium battery. Furthermore, the results of AC impedance test showed that the addition of Zn powders significantly reduced the internal resistance of battery. Compared with PANI, PANI/Zn composite showed greater capacity, higher conductivity, and charge/discharge efficiency, which was more suitable for the cathode material of high performance lithium battery.

Research Progress on Applications of Polyaniline (PANI) for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

“…Silicon (Si) anode material for LIBs has been a promising research focus because of its highest ever-known theoretical capacity of 4200 mAh/g. However, Si is a semiconductor of low conductivity, additionally, it usually undergoes severe volume expansion (>300%) during intercalation and In addition to PANI modified cathode materials, other PANI based composites like PANI/Zn [98], PANI/Cu/Li 2 MnSiO 4 [99] and PANI@RGO/PW12 [100] have been recently used as cathode materials for LIBs due to their unique electrochemical characteristics. Furthermore, they achieved enhanced electrochemical properties including specific capacity, cyclic stability and rate capability, hence they are significantly hot directions for cathode materials of LIBs.…”

Novel synthesis of polyaniline/tellurium (PANI/Te) nanocomposite and its EMI shielding behavior

“…A notable advantage of PANI is its ability to be easily doped and undoped, altering its electrical conductivity, which makes it a versatile material for a large domain of applications, e.g. , electronic devices, 20 supercapacitors, 21 sensors, 22 fuel cells, 23 batteries, 24 thermoelectric materials 25 and EMI shielding. 26…”

“…19 Chemical oxidative polymerization is the most common method and results in different forms of polyaniline materials, such as powder, film, and fibre. A notable advantage of PANI is its ability to be easily doped and undoped, altering its electrical conductivity, which makes it a versatile material for a large domain of applications, e.g., electronic devices, 20 supercapacitors, 21 sensors, 22 fuel cells, 23 batteries, 24 thermoelectric materials 25 and EMI shielding. 26 Despite several approaches to and forms of PANI, there is not much study on its composites with tellurium, and only a handful of reports are available on the PANI/Te nanocomposites, e.g., the electrodeposition of Te over PANI-coated phenolic foam reported by Jiang et al 27 In another approach, Kazim et al 16 reported the doping of PANI with an acidic solution of tellurium to prepare the PANI/Te composite.…”

Synthesis of conductive polyaniline nanofibers in one step by protonic acid and iodine doping

“…Conductive polymers, such as polypyrrole, polyacene, poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), and polyaniline (PANI), are promising for use in academia and industry due to their ability to offer tunable electrical conductivity in addition to the conventional polymers' properties, such as ease of synthesis and flexibility in processing. 1,2 Among these conductive polymers, PANI has received increasing attention for its effective application in the fields of energy storage and conversion, [3][4][5][6][7] electronics, 8,9 sensors, 10,11 anticorrosion, 12,13 conductive smart hybrid hydrogels, 14 and electromagnetic shielding. 15,16 The intrinsic conductivity of PANI results from its -conjugated chains and "doping" process that involves chemical or electrochemical redox reactions and protonation.…”