Research Progress on Applications of Polyaniline (PANI) for Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion

Abstract

Conducting polyaniline (PANI) with high conductivity, ease of synthesis, high flexibility, low cost, environmental friendliness and unique redox properties has been extensively applied in electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies including supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries and fuel cells. Pure PANI exhibits inferior stability as supercapacitive electrode, and can not meet the ever-increasing demand for more stable molecular structure, higher power/energy density and more N-active sites. The combination of PANI and other active materials like carbon materials, metal compounds and other conducting polymers (CPs) can make up for these disadvantages as supercapacitive electrode. As for rechargeable batteries and fuel cells, recent research related to PANI mainly focus on PANI modified composite electrodes and supported composite electrocatalysts respectively. In various PANI based composite structures, PANI usually acts as a conductive layer and network, and the resultant PANI based composites with various unique structures have demonstrated superior electrochemical performance in supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries and fuel cells due to the synergistic effect. Additionally, PANI derived N-doped carbon materials also have been widely used as metal-free electrocatalysts for fuel cells, which is also involved in this review. In the end, we give a brief outline of future advances and research directions on PANI.

Recent Advances in Anodes for Microbial Fuel Cells: An Overview

“…CNTs and the conducting polymer nanocomposites offer reasonable performance, particularly in electrochemical applications, due to their synergistic influence [75]. Different metals, such as Ag, Zn, TiO 2 , Cu, and a ZnO composite including conductive polymers (especially polyaniline and polycarbazole) could offer a great opportunity to upgrade MFC performance [76][77][78]. Unfortunately, very little effort has been made in this direction to prepare polymeric composite-based electrodes in MFCs.…”

Polymerization of new aniline derivatives: synthesis, characterization and application as sensors

“…Yield: 1.9 g (95%). 1 6.79 [6.77] (1H, dd, 3 J 6-5 ¼ 8.1 Hz, 4 J 6-4 ¼ 1.5 Hz, H-6), 6.86 [6.84] (1H, dt, 3 J 4-5 ¼ 7.5, 3 J 4-3 ¼ 7.5 Hz, 3 J 4-6 ¼ 1.5 Hz, H-4), 7.05 [7.11] (1H, dd, 3 J 3-4 ¼ 7.5 Hz, 3 J 3-5 ¼ 1.3 Hz, H-3), 7.18 [7.15] (1H, ddd, 3 J 5-6 ¼ 8.1 Hz, 3 J 5-4 ¼ 7.5 Hz, 3 J 5-3 ¼ 1.3 Hz, H-5). 13 General procedure for the synthesis of compound 3.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] For this reason, the polymer nds use in energysaving devices, for screening electromagnetic radiation, to obtain antistatic and electrically conductive coatings, and as a corrosion inhibitor. [5][6][7][8] There is a signicant potential of PANI application in medicine and heterogeneous catalysis. [9][10][11] A considerable drawback of PANI, similarly to all conductive polymers, lies in its extremely low solubility in the majority of typical solvents, which signicantly narrows the scope of its application.…”

Fabrication, characterization, and application of polyaniline/Ni(II) metal-organic frameworks nanocomposite as a supercapacitor electrode material

“…The speci c capacitances of the Ni-MOF and PANI/Ni-MOF nanocomposite electrodes are given in Figure 5d, at various scan rates from 5 to 200 mV s -1 . The Ni-MOF in the absence of polyaniline possesses 348 F g -1 , while the speci c capacitance was improved to 533 F g -1 for PANI/Ni-MOF nanocomposite at 50 mV s -1 , ascribing to the synergistic interaction of polyaniline and Ni-MOF [18,35]. The GCD study was also employed to prove the electrochemical performance of the as-prepared compounds (Figure 5).…”