Preparation of phospholipid-based polycarbonate urethanes for potential applications of blood-contacting implants

Abstract

Polyurethanes are widely used in interventional devices due to the excellent physicochemical property. However, non-specific adhesion and severe inflammatory response of ordinary polyurethanes may lead to severe complications of intravenous devices. Herein, a novel phospholipid-based polycarbonate urethanes (PCUs) were developed via two-step solution polymerization by direct synthesis based on functional raw materials. Furthermore, PCUs were coated on biomedical metal sheets to construct biomimetic anti-fouling surface. The results of stress–strain curves exhibited excellent tensile properties of PCUs films. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that the microphase separation of such PCUs polymers could be well regulated by adjusting the formulation of chain extender, leading to different biological response. In vitro blood compatibility tests including bovine serum albumin adsorption, fibrinogen adsorption and denaturation, platelet adhesion and whole-blood experiment showed superior performance in inhibition non-specific adhesion of PCUs samples. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells culture tests further revealed a good anti-cell adhesion ability. Finally, animal experiments including ex vivo blood circulation and subcutaneous inflammation animal experiments indicated a strong ability in anti-thrombosis and histocompatibility. These results high light the strong anti-adhesion property of phospholipid-based PCUs films, which may be applied to the blood-contacting implants such as intravenous catheter or antithrombotic surface in the future.

Sulfur-Mediated Polycarbonate Polyurethane for Potential Application of Blood-Contacting Materials

“…According to our previous studies ( Li et al, 2020 ), PCU-SS is synthesized by stepwise polymerization. In particular, PCU-BDO without disulfide bonds is selected as the control sample.…”

“…In this study, the dorsal skin of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats is used for short-term (3 weeks) and long-term (9 weeks) subcutaneous embedding ( Li et al, 2020 ). At the predetermined time, fibrous capsules formed around the samples are collected and then soaked in paraformaldehyde at ambient temperature for 72 h. Then, the fixed samples are processed through a series of procedures including cleaning with PBS, fixing with paraformaldehyde, dehydrating with graded ethanol, saturating with xylene, and embedding with paraffin.…”

“…Therefore, it is necessary to design novel materials or modify existing polymers to solve the problems. Considering the existing modification methods, bulk modification can realize the change of the bulk property without worrying about the change caused by the loss of the interface quality ( Li et al, 2020 ), whereas the surface modifications are flexible and changeable ( Mani et al, 2007 ; Qiu et al, 2021 ; Yu et al, 2021 ). By combining the bulk modification and surface modification together, an optimizing strategy for the modification is expected.…”

Copper‐mediated polyurethane materials with enzyme‐like catalysis for biocompatibility improvement in blood environments

“…Refer to our previous research [7], copper-mediated PUs materials were prepared via stepwise polymerization and complexing. The preparation route is shown in Figure 1.…”

Human Blood Platelets Adsorption on Polymeric Materials for Liquid Biopsy

“…Platelet adhesion on polymers depends indeed both on biological factors related to the source, such as, for example, the presence of plasma proteins or the state of the platelet donor, e.g., if stress was present when platelets were collected [20,21], and on the peculiar characteristics of materials [22][23][24]. In particular, the presence of proteins and other plasma components is critical, for example, for blood-contacting materials, whose surfaces are often modified to improve their biocompatibility [25,26].…”