Preparation of phenol–urea–formaldehyde copolymer adhesives under heterogeneous catalysis

Abstract

A new synthetic strategy for PUF copolymers based on three steps was developed. In the first step, two precondensates of phenol with formaldehyde and urea with formaldehyde, respectively, were produced. In the second step, the two precondensates were mixed and condensed using a heterogeneous catalyst in a tube reactor at 908C. The last step is a vacuum distillation to reach the final copolymer compositions. With regard to the properties, the products can be used as adhesive. The copolymers were analysed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), 13 C-NMR-spectroscopy, and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

Biodegradation of mixture of phenol and formaldehyde in wastewater using a single-basin MSCR process

“…Synthetic resins such as phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins are chemical products used as adhesives in several applications such as wood processing (Tomitaa and Hse, 1998;Schmidt et al, 2006). During the production and application of these products some amount of the primary compounds, i.e., phenol and formaldehyde find their way into the plant effluent wastewater stream.…”

Study on the Soy Protein-Based Wood Adhesive Modified by Hydroxymethyl Phenol

“…Besides ether groups, methylene groups –CH 2 – might be another structure occurring from the condensation reaction between HPF and AG. However, because of the overlapping of the peaks from 40 to 50 ppm from the -CH 2 - groups [16,17,18], the reaction between HPF and AG could not be determined by these groups. In the HPF/AG sample, the peak at 171.76 ppm coming from carbon 8 showed no obvious shift, which might be an indication of the lesser reaction or even lack of reaction of the aliphatic amino groups connected with carbon 8 of HPF under the experimental conditions introduced in this paper.…”

Automatic peak assignment and visualisation of copolymer mass spectrometry data using the ‘genetic algorithm’

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] It is due to the relationship between synthetic methodology and tuneable properties that copolymers have found such diverse and essential applications. [7][8][9][10][11] Copolymers of vinyl monomers may be synthesised by a wide variety of polymerisation methods, including catalytic chain transfer polymerisation (CCTP), [12][13][14] atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP), [15][16][17] ionic polymerisation, 18,19 reversible addition-transfer chain-transfer polymerisation (RAFT), [20][21][22] and sulphur-free RAFT. [23][24][25][26] These polymerisation methods can lead to different challenges in mass spectrometry, from examination of labile end groups [27][28][29][30] (e.g., ATRP and RAFT) to higher dispersities leading to a wide m/z range to be covered [31][32][33][34] (e.g., in CCTP).…”