Das thermische Verhalten der Verbindungen CsGeX3 (X  Cl, Br, I), durch Umsetzungen von Ge(OH)2 mit CsX in wäßrigen HX‐Lösungen erhalten, wurde unter Verwendung von Röntgenbeugung, Ramanspektroskopie und DTA/DSC untersucht. Die Verbindungen sind dimorph. Bei den Tieftemperaturmodifikationen L‐CsGeX3 werden rhomboedrische Verzerrungsvarianten der Perowskitstruktur (Raumgruppe R3m), bei den Hochtemperaturformen H‐CsGeX3 die kubische Perowskitstruktur gefunden. Die reversiblen Phasentransformationen werden als Ordnungs‐Unordnungs‐Übergänge infolge von Platzwechselvorgängen der Ge‐Atome bei den H‐Formen gedeutet. Die Umwandlungstemperaturen steigen in der Reihe CsGeCl3 (155°C), CsGeBr3 (238°C), CsGeI3 (277°C) an.

The Northern Hemisphere experienced dramatic changes during the last glacial, featuring vast ice sheets and abrupt climate events, while high northern latitudes during the last interglacial (Eemian) were warmer than today. Here we use high-resolution aerosol records from the Greenland NEEM ice core to reconstruct the environmental alterations in aerosol source regions accompanying these changes. Separating source and transport effects, we find strongly reduced terrestrial biogenic emissions during glacial times reflecting net loss of vegetated area in North America. Rapid climate changes during the glacial have little effect on terrestrial biogenic aerosol emissions. A strong increase in terrestrial dust emissions during the coldest intervals indicates higher aridity and dust storm activity in East Asian deserts. Glacial sea salt aerosol emissions in the North Atlantic region increase only moderately (50%), likely due to sea ice expansion. Lower aerosol concentrations in Eemian ice compared to the Holocene are mainly due to shortened atmospheric residence time, while emissions changed little.

Das Werk einschlieBlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschutzt. Jede Verwertung auBerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulassig und strafbar. Das gilt besonders fUr Vervielfaitigungen, Obersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen.

Abstract. We measured condensation particle (CP) concentrations and particle size distributions at the coastal Antarctic station Neumayer (70°39´ S, 8°15´ W) during two summer campaigns (from 20 January to 26 March 2012 and 1 February to 30 April 2014) and during the polar night between 12 August and 27 September 2014 in the particle diameter (Dp) range from 2.94 to 60.4 nm (2012) and from 6.26 to 212.9 nm (2014). During both summer campaigns we identified all in all 44 new particle formation (NPF) events. From 10 NPF events, particle growth rates could be determined to be around 0.90 ± 0.46 nm h−1 (mean ± SD; range: 0.4–1.9 nm h−1). With the exception of one case, particle growth was generally restricted to the nucleation mode (Dp < 25 nm) and the duration of NPF events was typically around 6.0 ± 1.5 h (mean ± SD; range: 4–9 h). Thus, in the surrounding area of Neumayer, particles did not grow up to sizes required for acting as cloud condensation nuclei. NPF during summer usually occurred in the afternoon in coherence with local photochemistry. During winter, two NPF events could be detected, though showing no ascertainable particle growth. A simple estimation indicated that apart from sulfuric acid, the derived growth rates required other low volatile precursor vapours.

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