Preparation of Monodisperse Giant Unilamellar Anchored Vesicles Using Micropatterned Hydrogel Substrates

Schultze, Jennifer; Vagias, Apostolos; Ye, Lijun; Prantl, Ephraim; Breising, Valentina; Best, A.; Koynov, Kaloian; Marques, Carlos M.; Butt, Hans‐Jürgen

doi:10.1021/acsomega.9b00912

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Porous hydrogel benefits the formation of GUVs, affecting sizes and yield. [324] Schultze et al [325] prepared a micropatterned gel structure with a terpolymer, obtaining monodisperse anchored vesicles with about 10% variation in diameter. Liu et al [326] combined the gel-assisted method with extrusion by coating the gel with a microporous polycarbonate membrane, producing freestanding liposomes with an upper size limit.…”

Section: Dehydration/rehydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protocells: Milestones and Recent Advances

Gözen

Köksal

Põldsalu

et al. 2022

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to assemble astonishing pieces of a complicated puzzle, and realized that further advancement requires input from multiple branches of science, not just biology as the primary life science. Detailed hypotheses have been established about the different scenarios of the emergence of life, including the "RNA world," [1] the "lipid world," [2] "replicator first," [3] "metabolism first," [4][5][6] and others. Although the origin of life is still surrounded by many open questions, our understanding of chemical, physicochemical, and biochemical processes possibly involved in the ancient events preceding Darwinian evolution has seen much progress. We have come a long way from Leduc's physicochemical, inorganic matter-centered view on the beginning of the evolution, yet the matter of the transition from nonliving to living matter still remains largely unsolved, and one of the great scientific problems of our time.The phylogenetic tree of different living domains reflects that life has evolved from simple to more complex structures, i.e., from single-to multicellular organisms. The oldest fossil evidence dating back 3.5 Gy (billion years) comes from stromatolites, [7][8][9][10] microorganismal residues in sedimentary rocks. [11] There appears to be a gap of knowledge regarding the period of evolution between the first primitive hypothetical cells and the fossilized ancient bacteria, which can be considered as an already advanced form of life. [12] It is highly likely that intermediate primitive cell precursors preceded the single-cell organisms. The hypothetical prebiotic structures that were the stepping stone to first self-sustaining living cells are commonly termed "protocells." The possibility of a strong link between the formation of protocells and the origin of life can today be reasonably assumed.One cannot easily proceed in the context of the evolution of cell-based organisms without briefly illuminating the concept of life as we know it on our planet. Over time, different requirements have been proposed for an entity to be considered alive. According to Tibor Ganti's chemoton model, [13] a protocell contains three autocatalytic subsystems: a membrane subsystem that keeps the components together and intact, a metabolic subsystem that captures energy and material resources, and an information subsystem that processes and transfers heritable information to progeny. To be considered alive, these subsystems must be unified and function co-operatively for the survival and evolution of the supersystem. Pohorille and Deamer suggested a modified set of 7 criteria related to the chemoton. [14] At about the same time, Oro defined the requirements by 10 characteristic features. [15] Despite their differences, these descriptions align well with NASA's broader definition of life: "a self-sustaining chemical system capable of Darwinian evolution."The origin of life is still one of humankind's great mysteries. At the transition between nonliving and living matter, protocells, initially featureless aggregates of abiotic matter, ga...

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Section: Dehydration/rehydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 324 ] Schultze et al. [ 325 ] prepared a micropatterned gel structure with a terpolymer, obtaining monodisperse anchored vesicles with about 10% variation in diameter. Liu et al.…”

Section: Laboratory Fabrication Of Protocell Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protocells: Milestones and Recent Advances

Gözen

Köksal

Põldsalu

et al. 2022

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“…This procedure was found to be faster (2-60 min) than regular electro formation or delicate hydration procedure and the technique worked efficiently. [97,98,99]…”

Section: Gel Assisted Hydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Outlook on Polymeric Nanoparticles, Micelles, Niosomes, Hydrogels and Liposomes: Preparative Methods and Action

2022

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Polymeric nanoparticles, micelles, niosomes, hydrogels and liposomes represent effective drug carriers having huge potential for medical and pharmaceutical applications. These systems remain the most important area in medicinal chemistry research. The aforementioned biomaterials can effectively encapsulate and release diverse hydrophobic/hydrophilic therapeutic molecules including drugs and prodrugs. Applications of these carrier systems extend to nucleic acids, antibodies and proteins which could be released sustainably. Since these systems fall in the nano dimension, they are capable of enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of bioactive molecules besides enabling them to accumulate preferentially at the target site. Furthermore, these systems can protect the encapsulated drug from degradation, thereby increasing the therapeutic value of the drug candidate and reducing systemic toxicity. In this review, we illustrate the preparative methods and actions of these five drug delivery systems.

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“…Yet this method suffers from limitations such as it usually resulting in low encapsulation efficiency and producing multilamellar vesicles. This led scientists to develop other techniques such as electroformation, gel-assisted formation method or paper-assisted hydration, or microfluidics to produce vesicles in a more efficient and controllable way. Also, more recently, various hydration methods have been suggested that improve upon the simple gentle hydration techniques, including one using substrates such as polyacrylamide gel …”

Section: Approaches To De Novo Construction Of Artificial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compartmentalizing Cell-Free Systems: Toward Creating Life-Like Artificial Cells and Beyond

Cho

2020

ACS Synth. Biol.

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Building an artificial cell is a research area that is rigorously studied in the field of synthetic biology. It has brought about much attention with the aim of ultimately constructing a natural cell-like structure. In particular, with the more mature cell-free platforms and various compartmentalization methods becoming available, achieving this aim seems not far away. In this review, we discuss the various types of artificial cells capable of hosting several cellular functions. Different compartmental boundaries and the mature and evolving technologies that are used for compartmentalization are examined, and exciting recent advances that overcome or have the potential to address current challenges are discussed. Ultimately, we show how compartmentalization and cell-free systems have, and will, come together to fulfill the goal to assemble a fully synthetic cell that displays functionality and complexity as advanced as that in nature. The development of such artificial cell systems will offer insight into the fundamental study of evolutionary biology and the sea of applications as a result. Although several challenges remain, emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence also appear to help pave the way to address them and achieve the ultimate goal.

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Preparation of Monodisperse Giant Unilamellar Anchored Vesicles Using Micropatterned Hydrogel Substrates

Cited by 17 publications

References 36 publications

Protocells: Milestones and Recent Advances

Protocells: Milestones and Recent Advances

Brief Outlook on Polymeric Nanoparticles, Micelles, Niosomes, Hydrogels and Liposomes: Preparative Methods and Action

Compartmentalizing Cell-Free Systems: Toward Creating Life-Like Artificial Cells and Beyond

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