Preparation of lignin-based silica composite submicron particles from alkali lignin and sodium silicate in aqueous solution using a direct precipitation method

Improvement of physcio-chemical and functional properties of alginate film by Acacia lignin

“…It is a polydisperse, amorphous and cross-linked aromatic polymer consisting of three monolignols: p-coumaryl alcohol, coniferyl alcohol and sinapyl alcohol (Bu et al, 2012;Saini, Saini, & Tewari, 2015). The wide variation in functional groups (hydroxyls, methoxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl) of lignin make it amenable for application in synthesis of value added products such as resins, films, foams and stabilizing agent for nanoparticles (Aadil et al, 2016;Nunez-Flores et al, 2013;Xiong et al, 2015). Lignin significantly affects the mechanical and thermal properties in different composites.…”

Preparation, characterization and the adsorption characteristics of lignin/silica nanocomposites from cellulosic ethanol residue

“…Cui et al 20 prepared siliceous lignin microparticles through reaction of certain amount of wheat husk and sodium hydroxide solution, followed by ltration of the mixture and titration of the collected ltrate to required pH with HCl, and then reaction for a period of time at the pH. Xiong et al 21 adopted co-precipitation process to prepare hydrophobic lignin-based silica composite submicronparticles via the hydrogen bonding interaction between the hydroxyl groups in lignin and silica. Zhang et al 22 used rice straw black liquor as raw material and CO 2 as acid precipitator to prepare ligninmodied silica nanoparticles by in situ composite method; Thulluri et al 23 summarized the synthesis and development prospect of lignin-based nanocomposites.…”

“…Sulfuric acid was used as a precipitating reagent to form silica colloidal in the solution. 21,22 Aer stirring for 2 h, the ask was taken out from the water bath. Then aging was started.…”

“…Meanwhile, silica consisted mostly of silicon as evidenced by the peak Si 2p at binding energy of 103 eV and peak Si 2s at binding energy of 150 eV, with a large amount of oxygen (the O 1s peak at binding energy of 531 eV). 21 The trace carbon content in silica was mainly due to the inevitable carbon pollution during XPS measurement. The XPS spectrum of LS4 conrmed the formation of composites, which was evidenced by the existence of the peak of C 1s at binding energy close to 285 eV and the peaks of Si 2p and Si 2s.…”

“…The SEM results showed the presence of small particle of diameters below 100 nm and greater agglomerate structure, which were consistent with the literature reported. 21 Especially the sample obtained at pH 6.5 (LS4) had the smallest particle size and the most porous structure than the rest of nanocomposites (LS1, LS2, and LS3), which imparted it potential use in the eld of adsorption. LS4 was chosen for further study.…”