Preparation of LiFePO4/Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite cathode materials and their electrochemical performance analysis

Phosphate Polyanion Materials as High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode: A Review

“…Conversely, the sol–gel, hydrothermal/solvothermal and microwave heating methods could also provide controllable particle size and morphology, but they also suffered lot in the case of complex synthesis procedure and cost effectiveness. Alternatively, the coprecipitation method can be a better choice for mass production with controlled porous and spherical-shaped particle synthesis for improving the electron and Li + ion transport high-voltage LIBs. ,, In addition, this review also found that the combined strategy of a solid-state reaction with high energy ball-milling/spray-drying, ,,, high energy ball-milling/sol–gel, and sol–gel/spray-drying methods, as well as hydrothermal/coprecipitation methodologies can provide more uniform spherical particles in large-scale production, which consists of nanometer-scale primary particles with more uniform carbon layers, resulting in superior capacity improvement and long-term cycle stability. However, further developments are still ongoing to commercialize binary or ternary olivine-type polyanions cathode materials with a low-cost and less-time-consuming methodology for high-voltage LIBs applications.…”

“…Chien et al demonstrated a sol−gel route followed by a spray-drying synthesis of a multipolyanion composite cathode (LiFePO 4 •Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C) for high-voltage and high-capacity LIBs. 179 The study indicated that the regular spherical morphology and more uniform sizedistribution were obtained due to the spray-drying process rather than the sol−gel method. Furthermore, graphene and CNTs also played as carbon additives to improve the electrochemical performance, which results in an excellent rate profile and long-term stability with capacity retention of 85.2% for 500 cycles at 1 C-rate (Figure 4B).…”

“…(B)­(ii) Long-term cycling stability performance of the SP-LFVP-91/C/GNS and CNT composite cathode at 1C/1C for 500 cycles. (B)­(iii) CV curves of (a) SG-LFVP-91/C (120 °C, 750 °C), (b) SG-LFVP-91/C (60 °C, 750 °C), and (c) SP-LFVP-91/C/GNS and CNT cathode composites with the same sweep rate of 0.1 mV·s –1 and a working voltage range of 2.4–4.3 V. Panel B reproduced from ref . Copyright 2020 Elsevier.…”

“…Both the reports stated that the presence of both the residual carbon species and Fe 2 P impurity phase from Fe substitution can significantly enhance the electron and Li + ion conductivities that facilitates rate capability and cyclability of cathode materials. Chien et al demonstrated a sol–gel route followed by a spray-drying synthesis of a multipolyanion composite cathode (LiFePO 4 ·Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 /C) for high-voltage and high-capacity LIBs . The study indicated that the regular spherical morphology and more uniform size-distribution were obtained due to the spray-drying process rather than the sol–gel method.…”

Low‐temperature performance optimization of LiFePO4‐based batteries

“…In addition, to further improve the ionic and/or electronic conductivity of the electrode, some special conductive agents can be introduced into the LiFePO 4 -based electrodes, such as the traditional 0D conductive carbon black S-P (Super P), 1D carbon nanotubes, and 2D multilayer graphene. [28][29][30][31][32] Different types of conductive agents will affect the electrochemical interface impedance of the electrode materials in different ways and improve the rate capability and low-temperature charge-discharge performance of the battery. Among the abovementioned conductive agents, the 0D conductive carbon black S-P has a small contact area with the active material, so its conductivity is weaker than the other two kinds.…”