Preparation of high-quality graphene via electrochemical exfoliation &amp; spark plasma sintering and its applications

Gong, Youning; Ping, Yunjie; Li, Delong; Luo, Chengzhi; Ruan, Xuefeng; Fu, Qiang; Pan, Chunxu

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.11.153

Cited by 43 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, the rGO sheets were restacked together after the high‐temperature annealing. Alternatively, Gong et al used spark plasma sintering at 1500°C to treat electrochemically exfoliated GO. Oxygen functional groups were eliminated, resulting in graphene materials with low defect density ( I D / I G ration of 0.16) and high C/O ratio of 25.3.…”

Section: Graphene Synthesis By Electrochemical Exfoliationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of graphene materials by electrochemical exfoliation: Recent progress and future potential

et al. 2019

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Synthesis of structurally controlled graphene materials is critical for realizing their practical applications. The electrochemical exfoliation of graphite has emerged as a simple method to produce graphene materials. This review examines research progress in the last 5 years, from 2015 to 2019. Graphene material synthesis methods generally have a trade‐off between increasing production yield and achieving better material property control. The synthesis conditions for synthesizing pristine graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and graphene composites are significantly different. Thus, in this review, we first discuss synthesis methods for graphene materials with high C/O ratios from four aspects: graphite electrodes, equipment engineering, electrolytes, and additional reduction methods. Next, we survey synthesis methods for GO and examine how the pretreatment of the graphite electrodes, electrolytes, and operation parameters, such as applied voltages, electrolyte temperatures, and mechanical forces, affect the quality of GO. Further, we summarize electrochemical exfoliation methods used to dope graphene materials, introduce covalent functional groups, incorporate various nanoparticles, and assembly of graphene architectures. For all synthesis methods, we compare the properties of resulting graphene materials such as C/O ratios, lateral size, layer numbers, and quality characterized by Raman spectroscopy. Lastly, we propose our perspectives on further research. We hope this review stimulates more studies to realize the on‐demand production of graphene materials with desired properties using electrochemical exfoliation methods.

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Section: Graphene Synthesis By Electrochemical Exfoliationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of graphene materials by electrochemical exfoliation: Recent progress and future potential

et al. 2019

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“…[141] Recently, Pan et al suggested that applying a low voltage of < 10 V when adding KOH made the process too slow and inefficient. [142] Therefore, they proposed a method, which combined electrochemical exfoliation with the newly discovered spark plasma sintering. Moreover, surfactants have been added in the electrochemical exfoliation process to avoid aggregation.…”

Section: Electrochemical Exfoliationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Properties, Synthesis, and Modifications: A Review

et al. 2020

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Graphene was first discovered as a sheet structure mechanically exfoliated from a block of graphite, but in recent years researchers have extended their investigations into this two‐dimensional carbon nanostructure. Various applications of graphene‐based materials have included electronics, photonics, optoelectronics, sensors, and drug / gene delivery systems. These single atom carbon layers have the potential to be formed in different morphologies e. g., quantum dots, nanosheets, and nanoparticles, which can be tailored to achieve new breakthrough innovations. Nowadays, the utilization of graphene‐based nanomaterials in medicine is a hot research topic. This review discusses the structure, properties, methods of synthesis, and surface modifications of graphene and graphene oxide divided into covalent and non‐covalent approaches.

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“…Different CNMs were consolidated by SPS [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Consolidated CNMs can be used as adsorbents [ 29 ], biocompatible materials [ 30 ], catalysts, catalysts supports [ 31 ] and electrodes in energy storage devices [ 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of Secondary C3-C4 Aliphatic Alcohols on Carbon Nanotubes Consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering

et al. 2021

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We analyze how the changes in the dimension of carbon nanomaterial (CNM) affect their catalytic conversion of secondary aliphatic alcohols. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) were inactive in the conversion of secondary C3-C4 aliphatic alcohols because of the «healing» of defects in carbon structure during SPS. Gas-phase treatment of consolidated CNTs with HNO3 vapors led to their surface oxidation without destruction of the bulk structure of pellets. The oxygen content in consolidated CNTs determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy increased from 11.3 to 14.9 at. % with increasing the oxidation time from 3 to 6 h. Despite the decrease in the specific surface area, the oxidized samples showed enhanced catalytic activity in alcohol conversion because of the increased number of oxygen radicals with unpaired electrons, which was established by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. We conclude that the structure of CNM determines the content and/or ratio of sp2 and sp3-hybridized carbon atoms in the material. The experimental and literature data demonstrated that sp3-hybridized carbon atoms on the surface are probably the preferable site for catalytic conversion of alcohols.

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Preparation of high-quality graphene via electrochemical exfoliation & spark plasma sintering and its applications

Cited by 43 publications

References 38 publications

Synthesis of graphene materials by electrochemical exfoliation: Recent progress and future potential

Synthesis of graphene materials by electrochemical exfoliation: Recent progress and future potential

Recent Developments in Graphene and Graphene Oxide: Properties, Synthesis, and Modifications: A Review

Conversion of Secondary C3-C4 Aliphatic Alcohols on Carbon Nanotubes Consolidated by Spark Plasma Sintering

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