Preparation of functionally gradient materials via frontal polymerization

Chekanov, Yuri; Pojman, John A.

doi:10.1002/1097-4628(20001220)78:13<2398::aid-app170>3.0.co;2-k

Cited by 129 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…One of the key features in pure FP without simultaneous spontaneous polymerization (SP) is a constant front velocity 12–16. Figure 3(a) shows the typical profile for the front position versus time; it was found that the experimental data were well fitted by a straight line, meaning that FP propagated at constant velocity and a self‐sustaining front was obtained.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Frontal polymerization (FP) is a rapid polymerization method to convert monomer into polymer in a localized reaction zone under the level‐to‐level regime that spreads over the entire volume, as shown in Figure 1. This method has been successfully explored for synthesis of polymers since it was first discovered by Chechilo and Enikolopyan 12–16. As a consequence, many reports concerning hydrogels prepared by FP have exponentially increased.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Frontal polymerization preparation of poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid)/activated carbon composite hydrogels for dye removal

Huang

Tao

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A series of poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) (PAA)/activated carbon (AC) composite hydrogels were rapidly prepared via frontal polymerization (FP). It was found that an increase in the concentration of AC caused an increase in the front velocity (V f ) and the highest front temperature (T max ). It may be attributed to that AC particles could increase the liquid viscosity of reaction mixture and remain the reaction heat during FP. The Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that AC particles had entered the hydrogel network, and many spherical AC particles with an average diameter of 0.5-1 lm had been dispersed homogeneously in the PAA hydrogel matrix. The swelling behavior showed that the equilibrium swelling values of hydrogels increased when the concentration of AC particles increased. Adsorption studies showed that incorporation of AC particles into PAA hydrogel matrix could increase the sites of interaction between the hydrogels and crystal violet molecules and result in an increase of adsorption capacities of hydrogels toward dyes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal polymerization preparation of poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid)/activated carbon composite hydrogels for dye removal

Huang

Tao

et al. 2013

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Frontal polymerization (FP) was first explored in the 1970s by Chechilo and coworkers, and its study was revitalized in the 1990s by Pojman . Since then, research on FP has expanded significantly to include cure‐on‐demand materials, synthesis of gels and gradient materials, UV initiated methacrylate and epoxide polymerizations, composite materials, and many other applications. One of the most commonly studied types of FP (and the focus of this work) is thermal free‐radical frontal polymerization of acrylic monomers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal Polymerization of Deep Eutectic Solvents Composed of Acrylic and Methacrylic Acids

Fazende

Phachansitthi

Mota‐Morales

et al. 2017

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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Frontal polymerization of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) made with acrylic or methacrylic acid as the monomer and hydrogen bond donor was studied. Fronts with acrylic acid and choline chloride propagated more uniformly than with pure acrylic acid, so an exploration into how the DES affected frontal polymerization was performed. The hydrogen bond acceptor of the DES was replaced by several analogs to determine the effect on the DES front behavior. The analogs used were talc, DMSO, lauric acid, and stearic acid, which acted as a heat sink, inert diluent, hydrogen bonding diluent, and inert phase change material, respectively. None of the methacrylic acid-analog systems were able to sustain a front. While the acrylic acid-analog systems did sustain a front (with the exception of stearic acid), none of the fronts replicated the acrylic acid DES behavior. The acrylic acid-talc sample behaved more violently-like pure acrylic acid polymerization-than the acrylic acid DES, and the DMSO and lauric acid samples produced slower fronts than that of the acrylic acid DES. We propose that the reactivity of the acrylic acid and methacrylic acid is enhanced in the DES.

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“…A new method to prepare FGM by frontal polymerization has been reported in which the composition of a monomer feedstream could be varied in a programmable manner 20. In the work of Jang et al,21 a gradient of glass fibers (GF) was created by changing the feeding ratio of the chopped fibers in the process of GF/PMMA composite manufacture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and structure study of polypropylene/polyamide‐6 gradient materials

Wen

Hou

et al. 2003

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A polymeric gradient material was prepared by a specific extruding technique in which the weight ratio of two components, polypropylene (PP) and polyamide-6 (PA6), was changed gradually with the progress of process. This columnar gradient material was formed during a combined extruding and winding operating. The gradient variation of specimens sampled along the radius of columnar gradient material was confirmed and characterized through measurements of DSC melting behavior and elemental analysis. The morphological variation was studied using SEM observation. The results indicate that the content of either polymer shows a monotonous variation along the radius direction. With increasing radius, a gradually decreased percentage of PP was observed, whereas PA6 gradually increased. SEM photographs of the specimens sampled at different radii exhibit that the morphology also evolves gradually with variations in the percentage ratio of two polymers. A phase-inversion phenomenon was recognized in this polymeric gradient material and a "dual mode" of dispersed morphology was found in the sandwich zone. These results indicate that the PP/PA6 blend with gradient structure was successfully prepared by use of this unique technique.

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Preparation of functionally gradient materials via frontal polymerization

Cited by 129 publications

References 18 publications

Frontal polymerization preparation of poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid)/activated carbon composite hydrogels for dye removal

Frontal polymerization preparation of poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid)/activated carbon composite hydrogels for dye removal

Frontal Polymerization of Deep Eutectic Solvents Composed of Acrylic and Methacrylic Acids

Preparation and structure study of polypropylene/polyamide‐6 gradient materials

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