Preparation of functionalized Kraft lignin beads

Saidane, Dorra; Barbe, Jean‐Christophe; Birot, Marc; Deleuze, Hervé

doi:10.1002/app.31659

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Sample M10, crosslinked with 10 wt % of epichlorohydrin, gets pore diameter double that of M20, crosslinked with 20 wt % of epichlorohydrin, but this does not affect the open porosity of the materials situated around 65%. In both cases, it is higher than expected from the sole removing of water initially present in black liquor (55 vol %, assuming an aqueous phase density of 1 g mL 21 ). This means that part of the matter contained in the black liquor (mainly inorganic matter and small organic compounds) is not crosslinked by epichlorohydrin and is extracted during the washing step of the monoliths.…”

Section: Materials Prepared Without Surfactantmentioning

confidence: 81%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Synthesis of macroporous monolithic materials from a waste renewable source

Forgacz

Birot

Deleuze

2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Interconnected porous monolithic materials can be directly obtained from non‐templating methods by reacting raw Kraft black liquor with epichlorohydrin either in the presence or not of surfactant, whereas extracted lignin leads to non‐porous materials. In the presence of a surfactant, micelles organization takes place and porosity of 40–60% can be achieved. Without surfactant, chemically induced phase separation occurs, giving materials with agglomerated nodules morphology. Carbonization followed by activation with CO2 yield monolithic micro/mesoporous carbons with surface area of 300 m2 g−1. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41215.

show abstract

Section: Materials Prepared Without Surfactantmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…17 Thermogravimetric analyses were performed on a Netzsch STA 409 thermobalance under N56 argon flow. The heating rate was 10 C min 21 , and the temperature ranged from 25 to 1000 C. Elemental analyses were performed by the Service Central d'Analyses (Vernaison, France).…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of macroporous monolithic materials from a waste renewable source

Forgacz

Birot

Deleuze

2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Less defined bead sizes were obtained when an alkaline lignin solution was dispersed in 1,2-dichloroethane and the lignin intermolecularly cross-linked in the aqueous droplets -either by mediation of epichlorhydrin [90] or by radical polymerization processes involving acrylic acid moieties that were attached to the lignin before [91]. Attaching further functionalization to these beads, e.g., sulfonhydrazine groups [90,91] makes them attractive for applications in the wine industry, to remove carbonyl-bearing compounds responsible for binding of sulfur dioxide in wines [92].…”

Section: Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

11. Lignin biorefinery: structure, pretreatment and use

Lange¹,

Bartzoka²,

Crestini³

2015

Biorefineries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lignin is the second most abundant polymer in forest biomass. Compared to the ubiquitous use of cellulose, lignin is currently simply wasted. The reason for this lies in the challenging structural features and the still incomplete understanding of the correlation between structural features and polymer characteristics displayed by various lignins. This chapter will introduce the general characteristics and peculiarities of lignin as a biopolymer, present techniques specifically developed for its isolation, and describe promising ways toward its valorization, highlighting possibilities for using lignin in chemistry and material sciences. 11 Lignin biorefinery: structure, pretreatment and use biorefinery, biotechnology, spectrometry, spectroscopy, etc. The achievements have been summarized in several monographs [1][2][3][4][5]. Nevertheless, fundamental studies on lignin have not yet been concluded. Origin and characteristics of lignin Lignin occurrence and locationLignin, derived from lignum, Latin for wood, was introduced describing a not narrowly classified material early as 1819 by de Candolle, but not until Payen, in 1838, the term lignin was connected closely to a substance. Schulze, in 1865, chemically defined lignin as a polymer that was different from the cellulose components. [5]. Lignin accounts for 15-35% of the dry mass of wood, depending on the type of wood; it is thus the second most abundant natural polymer in forest biomass after cellulose [6]. The rather hydrophobic polymer lignin is present in plant cell walls, where it chemically and physically links the other two major matrix components of the cell walls, cellulose and hemicelluloses [7]: it is located in form of a mixture together with hemicellulose between the cellulose fibrils [1-8]. The tight interplay among these three major plant biopolymers results in an increased impermeability, mechanical strength, and rigidity of the plant cell walls and thus serves to give stability to the plants; it also gives the cells greater resistance to microbial attacks. The different functions of lignin in the plant cause its distribution to vary significantly within the different parts of the plant, i.e., among stem, branching points, branches, and leafs, and among the different walls of the plant cells themselves [9]. The concentration of lignin in the middle lamella and the primary wall is higher than the concentration in the secondary wall. Nonetheless, the majority of the total amount of lignin present in the plant, 75-85%, is located in the secondary wall, due to its considerably larger volume. The amount of lignin present in the plant varies from species to species, ranging from ca. 15% in monocots over ca. 20% in hardwoods to ca. 28% in softwoods and herbaceous angiosperms [2,7]. Lignin structureThe native structure of lignins suggests that it could play a central role as a new chemical feedstock, particularly in the formation of supramolecular materials and aromatic chemicals. It is the only aromatic large-volume renewable feedstock. Lignin, however,...

show abstract

“…Cellulose is one of the most important natural materials used in the manufacture of paper. Lignin4–20 contains polyphenol and is often disposed off as an industrial waste. Lignin has excellent potential as an aromatic polymer despite its poor solubility in organic solvents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalization of lignin: Synthesis of lignophenol‐graft‐poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) and its application to polymer blends with commodity polymers

Nemoto

Konishi

Tojo

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Lignophenol (LP)-graft-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (POZO) was prepared to reuse lignin, an industrial waste material, and to produce novel LP-based polymer blends with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and polystyrene (PSt) as commodity polymers. The resulting graft polymer was soluble in various types of organic solvents such as chloroform, THF, acetone, and methanol, unlike LP. The miscibility of LP-graft-POZO with commodity polymers was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine the glass transition temperatures (T g ). In the cases of the blends of LP-graft-POZO with PVC, PC, and PVP, the T g values decreased during the second scan. Moreover, in the cases of the blends with PVC and PVP, the T g values were not detected during the third scan. Therefore, it was inferred that LP-graft-POZO was miscible with PVC, PC, and PVP while forming single phases; in particular, the blends of LP-graft-POZO with PVC and PVP exhibited a secondary miscibility because the T g values were not detected. Furthermore, the blend of LP-graft-POZO with PC exhibited better thermostability than LP and LP-graft-POZO. These results indicated that LP blended with POZO could be used as a polymer additive and as an adhesive to combine different polymers, organic-inorganic polymers, etc.

show abstract

Preparation of functionalized Kraft lignin beads

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

Synthesis of macroporous monolithic materials from a waste renewable source

Synthesis of macroporous monolithic materials from a waste renewable source

11. Lignin biorefinery: structure, pretreatment and use

Functionalization of lignin: Synthesis of lignophenol‐graft‐poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) and its application to polymer blends with commodity polymers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About