Preparation of fully biobased epoxy resins from soybean oil based amine hardeners

Frias, Célia F.; Serra, Arménio C.; Ramalho, A.; Coelho, Jorge F. J.; Fonseca, A. C.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.08.041

Cited by 52 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…A recent study describes the preparation of soybean oil–based amine derivatives which can be used to cure epoxy resins. However, so far merely low glass transition temperatures were achieved by these type or bio‐based hardeners …”

Section: Introduction and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Anhydride Cured Bio‐Based Epoxy Resin: Effect of Moisture on Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Anusic

Resch‐Fauster

Mahendran

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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This paper describes the development of a novel thermoset based on epoxidized hemp seed oil. The optimization of the hardener (anhydride) and crosslinking accelerator (2‐ethylimidazol) concentration as well as the curing parameters are discussed in detail. The optimized material exhibits a bio‐based carbon portion of 57.5 wt% and represents an innovative and sustainable substitute for fully petrochemical‐based resins in terms of thermal and mechanical performance characteristics. However, also a major challenge with regard to practical applications of (bio‐based) thermosets with anhydride curing agent thermosets is identified and addressed: the sensitivity to moisture absorption both during curing and in the fully cured state.

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Section: Introduction and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Anhydride Cured Bio‐Based Epoxy Resin: Effect of Moisture on Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Anusic

Resch‐Fauster

Mahendran

et al. 2019

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…The curing of epoxidized vegetable oils has been of great interest, especially with multifunctional carboxylic acids 2,9–11,13–15,20–22 . This curing behavior has been previously shown to ring open the epoxide groups reacting with an aqueous mixture of acid 20,21 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are currently in mass production and are primarily used as a biobased plasticizer for PVC. Many are studying the polymerization of these monomers with small molecules or traditional amines 8–16 . Some use naturally occurring carboxylic acids to cure the epoxidized vegetable oils 17–23 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microparticles and latexes prepared via suspension polymerization of a biobased vegetable oil and renewable carboxylic acid

Anthony

Davies

Nguyen

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Novel bio‐based microparticles and latexes are synthesized using green chemistry principles through the reaction of aconitic acid (a sugarcane byproduct) and epoxidized linseed oil (ELO). No volatile solvents have been used, and no initiators are present in this polymerization. Using different agitation techniques, we investigate the particles and latexes formed via suspension polymerization in contrast to bulk dispersion polymerization. With the addition of water and a small amount of surfactant to the ELO and aconitic system, a thermally stable material up to 250°C is created that exhibits adhesive and hydrophobic properties. These microparticle latexes are anticipated for applications in hydrophobic coating and personal care products.

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“…In this context, bio-based resins [ 7 ] are now a commercially developed and expanding product, and are often only partially derived from biological—mostly vegetable—feedstocks, such as catechin [ 8 , 9 ], cardanol [ 10 ] and lignin [ 11 , 12 ]. The biobased fraction in the resin, however, often refers mainly to the epoxy prepolymer component, while the hardener sustainability [ 13 ] is mostly disregarded when high performances are sought [ 14 ], with fossil-based diamine curing agents, such as 4,4′-methylene biscyclohexanamine (PACM) [ 15 , 16 ] and diethyl toluene diamine (EPIKURE W) [ 17 , 18 ], that are commonly used to obtain high thermomechanical properties. Indeed, the structure and functionality of hardener is one of the key factors in the definition and achievement of the final properties of the thermoset, and the prospect of access to a library of sustainable cross-linking systems is one that is highly appealing [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenine as Epoxy Resin Hardener for Sustainable Composites Production with Recycled Carbon Fibers and Cellulosic Fibers

et al. 2020

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In this work, Adenine is proposed, for the first time, as a cross-linker for epoxy resins. Adenine is an amino-substituted purine with heterocyclic aromatic structure showing both proton donors, and hydrogen bonding ability. DSC studies show that adenine is able to positively cross-link a biobased DGEBA-like commercial epoxy precursor with good thermal performance and a reaction mechanism based on a 1H NMR investigation has been proposed. The use of such a formulation to produce composite with recycled short carbon fibers (and virgin ones for the sake of comparison), as well as jute and linen natural fibers as sustainable reinforcements, leads to materials with high compaction and fiber content. The curing cycle was optimized for both carbon fiber and natural fiber reinforced materials, with the aim to achieve the better final properties. All composites produced display good thermal and mechanical properties with glass transition in the range of HT resins (Tg > 150 °C, E’ =26 GPa) for the carbon fiber-based composites. The natural fiber-based composites display slightly lower performance that is nonetheless good compared with standard composite performance (Tg about 115–120 °C, E’ = 7–9 GPa). The present results thus pave the way to the application of adenine as hardener system for composites production.

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Preparation of fully biobased epoxy resins from soybean oil based amine hardeners

Cited by 52 publications

References 42 publications

Anhydride Cured Bio‐Based Epoxy Resin: Effect of Moisture on Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Anhydride Cured Bio‐Based Epoxy Resin: Effect of Moisture on Thermal and Mechanical Properties

Microparticles and latexes prepared via suspension polymerization of a biobased vegetable oil and renewable carboxylic acid

Adenine as Epoxy Resin Hardener for Sustainable Composites Production with Recycled Carbon Fibers and Cellulosic Fibers

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