Long‐chain n‐Alkylphosphonic acids, AlkP(O)(OH)2, are synthesized in up to 91 % yield (mostly 40–60 %) by straightforward phosphonylation of alkyl bromides (AlkBr, Alk=C4–C18) with red phosphorus (Pn) in the multiphase KOH/H2O/toluene system in the presence of 2–10 mol % of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), acting as a micellar/phase transfer catalyst and as a generator/transporter of superbasic hydroxide anions, the intermediate potassium phosphinates being in situ oxidized/neutralized by nitric acid. The key steps of the phosphonylation mechanism are the P−P bond cleavage of Pn polymeric molecules by superbasic −OH anions, dissolved in the CTAB micelles, and phase transfer of polyphosphide anions to the organic phase and their alkylation with AlkBr.