Preparation of carbon fibers from a lignin copolymer with polyacrylonitrile

Maradur, Sanjeev P.; Kim, Chang Hyo; Kim, So Yeun; Kim, Bo-Hye; Kim, Woo Chul; Yang, Kap Seung

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2012.01.017

Cited by 125 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…To enhance the mechanical properties of CF, copolymerization of hardwood kraft lignin with polyacrylonitrile was attempted [226]. Moreover, to increase the resistance towards thermal degradation, the oxidative pretreatment of kraft lignin with air was proposed [227].…”

Section: Carbon Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of technical lignins to functional materials with retained polymeric properties

Matsushita

2015

J Wood Sci

154

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A significant amount of technical lignins is produced in the pulp and paper industries. However, most technical lignins are burned for thermal recycling and a few percent are used as materials, such as lignosulfonate as a dispersant. Native lignin has a highly complex structure and is susceptible to structural variations depending on the pulping process, thus hindering the effective utilization of lignins. The procedures used to convert lignins into functional materials include depolymerization to monomeric fragments followed by re-building to functional materials, and chemical modifications to generate functional polymers with retained polymeric properties. In this paper, the latter is disserted. The characteristics of technical lignins, which include kraft lignin, lignosulfonate, and organosolv lignin, and their conversion to functional materials such as polyesters, polyethers, polyurethanes, etc. and the applications of lignin-based materials in some fields are discussed.

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Section: Carbon Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of technical lignins to functional materials with retained polymeric properties

Matsushita

2015

J Wood Sci

154

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“…However, the high cost of PAN precursors, which make up 46% of the CF manufacturing cost, limits its utilization in general performance grade applications in automotive parts [16].…”

Section: Radiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By additional hot-drawing of the melt-spun filaments, even thinner precursor fibers were obtained, that could be converted to 13 µm CFs, with a strength of 2. 16 GPa and a modulus of 130 GPa. It was necessary to anneal chain reactions.…”

Section: Sulfuric Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a consequence of the increasing use of CFs in wind power systems and in the specialist industrial applications sector, the demand in the coming five years is expected to establish CF in the mass market. However, due to the high cost of their petroleum-based precursors and associated processing costs, CF remains fairly expensive [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of cross-linking methods for polyethylene-based carbon fibers: review

Kim¹,

Lee²,

An³

et al. 2015

Carbon letters

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In recent decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) in aerospace, renewable energy and other industries, due to its low weight and relatively good mechanical properties compared with traditional metals. However, due to the high cost of petroleum-based precursors and their associated processing costs, CF remains a specialty product and as such has been limited to use in high-end aerospace, sporting goods, automotive, and specialist industrial applications. The high cost of CF is a problem in various applications and the use of CFRP has been impeded by the high cost of CF in various applications. This paper presents an overview of research related to the fabrication of low cost CF using polyethylene (PE) control technology, and identifies areas requiring additional research and development. It critically reviews the results of cross-linked PE control technology studies, and the development of promising control technologies, including acid, peroxide, radiation and silane cross-linking methods.

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“…Desses, o precursor mais importante para aplicações estruturais devido ao seu alto percentual de carbono e que vem sendo largamente utilizado em produção comercial, é a PAN. Seus inconvenientes são o custo do precursor (cerca de 50 % do custo da fibra de carbono), o rendimento, a toxicidade do solvente e a grafitização lenta [11,12,13]. Como substitutos mais viáveis economicamente, alguns subprodutos e produtos residuais naturais ou sintéticos têm sido estudados.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Fibras de carbono a partir de lignina: uma revisão da literatura

Souto¹,

Calado²,

Pereira³

2015

Matéria (Rio J.)

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RESUMOOs precursores mais empregados para obtenção da fibra de carbono são a poliacrilonitrila, o piche e o rayon. Com o aumento da demanda de materiais compósitos leves e de alta resistência, a produção da fibra de carbono tem aumentado exponencialmente e novos precursores têm sido requisitados. A lignina, um material orgânico natural, tem sido estudada como possível candidata para a produção das fibras. Além de ser rejeito industrial e de biorrefinarias, as fibras de carbono obtidas com a lignina podem ter um custo mais vantajoso quando comparado com os demais precursores comerciais. Em decorrência da biodiversidade de vegetais na natureza, a lignina pode apresentar diferentes estruturas. O método de recuperação também é parâmetro que influencia diretamente na sua composição. Como as propriedades térmicas para extrusão são fortemente dependentes dessas e de muitas outras variáveis, muitas pesquisas têm sido reportadas utilizando lignina pura de diversas fontes, lignina modificada e com adição de plastificantes. As etapas de pré-tratamento, termoestabilização e carbonização/grafitização também têm sido avaliadas para conferir melhores propriedades mecânicas ao produto final. Não obstante serem muitas as condições para a produção da fibra de carbono a partir da lignina, resultados bastante promissores têm sido alcançados. As aplicações em diversas áreas estão diretamente relacionadas com o conjunto de propriedades mecânicas inerentes a ela. A fibra de carbono proveniente da lignina vem contribuir com inúmeros empregos no mercado, de maneira a baratear sua produção, minimizar a dependência de materiais fósseis e tornar sua manufatura ecologicamente sustentável. Palavras-chave: lignina, fibra de carbono, fibra verde ABSTRACTThe most applied precursors to obtain carbon fiber are polyacrylonitrile, pitch and rayon. With the increased demand of lightweight composites and high strength, carbon fiber manufacting has increased exponentially and new precursors are been request. Lignin, a natural organic material, has been studied as possible candidate. Besides being an industrial and biorrefinary waste, lignin-based carbon fibers have a lower cost compared to other commercial precursors. Because of the biodiversity of plants in nature, lignin can present different structures. The lignin extraction method can directly influence the composition. As thermic extrusion properties are hardly dependent on this and other properties, many researches have been reported using pure lignin from different sources, modified lignin and plasticizers addiction. Steps of pretreatment, thermostabilization and carbonization/graphitization have also been evaluated to give better mechanical properties to the final product. Nevertheless many conditions required to manufacture lignin-based carbon fiber, promising results have been achieved. The set of mechanical properties inherent to the fiber allows its application to different areas. Lignin-based carbon comes to collaborate on cheapening its production, minimizing the dependence of fossil mat...

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Preparation of carbon fibers from a lignin copolymer with polyacrylonitrile

Cited by 125 publications

References 32 publications

Conversion of technical lignins to functional materials with retained polymeric properties

Conversion of technical lignins to functional materials with retained polymeric properties

Effects of cross-linking methods for polyethylene-based carbon fibers: review

Fibras de carbono a partir de lignina: uma revisão da literatura

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