Preparation of C-based Magnetic Materials from Fruit Peel and Hydrochar using Snake Fruit (Salacca zalacca) Peel as Adsorbents for the Removal of Malachite Green Dye

Abstract

In this study, fruit peel-based magnetic (M-Sp) and hydrochar-based magnetic (M-HSp) materials were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal and magnetization treatments. Characterization using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy confirmed their successful synthesis. The materials were applied as adsorbents for the removal of malachite green (MG) dye. Equilibrium adsorption occurred at 90 min according to the PSO kinetic model, and the adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacity of the materials was improved by the hydrothermal and magnetic treatments compared to that of the untreated initial material. The adsorption capacities of M-Sp and M-HSp were 69.444 and 88.889 mg/g, respectively. The M-Sp and M-HSp adsorbents could be reused for up to four regeneration cycles compared to the three cycles for the initial material. The adsorption mechanism of MG dye by the M-Sp and M-HSp adsorbents was suggested to occur via hydrogen bond, electrostatic, π-π, and physical interactions. The magnetic materials prepared in this study had a high adsorption capacity and adsorbent reusability, rendering them promising for use in dye removal and to facilitate separation between adsorbents and adsorbates.

Study and Characterization of Hydrochar from Duku (Lansium domesticum) Peel

“…Afterward, the dried peel was crushed and passed through a 40-mesh filter to obtain the desired consistency. (Hasanah et al, 2023;Wijaya et al, 2021) A total of 2.5 grams of duku fruit (Lansium domesticum) peel, along with 50 mL of water, were introduced into a 100 mL Hydrothermal Stainless-steal Autoclave. Subsequently, the mixture was subjected to heating at temperatures of 200°C and 250°C, with varying durations of 8, 10, 12, and 24 hours.…”

Pyracantha coccinea biochar synthesis, characterization, and use in the removal of cationic dyes

“…According to UNESCO (UNESCO, 2023, 2 billion people, or 26% of the global population, will lack access to safe drinking water in 2023. The high pH and suspended particles found in dye effluent constitute health risks due to the carcinogenic, genotoxic, mutagenic, and teratogenic characteristics of dyes [2][3]. Various sectors, including textiles, food, rubber, printing, cosmetics, medicine, plastic, concrete, and paper industries, employ different dyes for varied reasons [4][5].…”

Enhanced Effectiveness on Phenol Removal by MgCr-LDH/Microcrystalline Cellulose Composite and Regeneration Study with Green Desorption Reagent

“…In recent years, a variety of different methods have been investigated for phenol removal. The effective method in phenol removal is the adsorption method due to its cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, flexibility, simplicity, and high performance (Lammini et al, 2022;Haydari et al, 2023;Hasanah et al, 2022b).…”