Preparation of a Noncytotoxic Hemocompatible Ion Gel by Self-Polymerization of HEMA in a Green Deep Eutectic Solvent

Abstract

Self‐polymerization of optimized amount of 2‐hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) in a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) is obtained by the complexation between choline chloride and fructose (ChCl:Fruc. 2:1) in the presence of indomethacin, an anti‐inflammatory drug resulted formation of a drug‐immobilized ion gel. The ion gel thus obtained is found to be stable in gastrointestinal fluid pH (GIF) and sustained release in simulated lower intestinal fluid for 20 h (88% release) at pH 6.8 and 96% release at pH 7.4 for 15 h (colon & blood pH) at physiological human body temperature (37 °C) of the drug is recorded. The drug can be stored in the gel matrices at room temperature for long durations such as 6 months without any degradation. The ion gel of poly‐HEMA obtained in the NADES does not appear to inhibit the growth of mammalian cells in vitro and is found to be compatible to human blood thus implying toward their potential for therapeutic applications as pH‐sensitive hydrophobic drug carrier for oral application as well as in tissue engineering.

High‐Molecular‐Weight Polyampholytes Synthesized via Daylight‐Induced, Initiator‐Free Radical Polymerization of Renewable Itaconic Acid

“…It is well known that spontaneous thermal radical polymerization at temperature >100 °C is possible for several reactive vinyl monomers, including styrene and acrylic monomers . Moreover, self‐polymerization at room temperature of highly‐reactive 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) purified from inhibitor has been reported in choline‐based ionic liquids and DESs, although the polymers have not yet been separated or characterized.…”

Environmentally Friendly Eutectogels Comprising l‐amino Acids and Deep Eutectic Solvents: Efficient Materials for Wastewater Treatment

“…Samples were prepared by placing xerogels on an aluminum stub. Xerogels were obtained following a procedure reported in literature . In particular, gels were thoroughly washed with ethanol to remove the DES, and then converted to xerogels by freeze drying.…”

Kinetic Studies of Photopolymerization of Monomer‐Containing Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…[ 2 ] Because of these more naturally derived components, DESs tend to have lower toxicity and better biodegradability than many RTILs. [ 7 ] Examples of these more “green” DES components previously seen in literature are fructose, [ 8 ] glycerol, [ 9 ] citric acid, [ 10 ] lactic acid, [ 11 ] levulinic acid, [ 5b ] itaconic acid, [ 12 ] and urea. [ 3 ] The most commonly used HBA is choline chloride (ChCl), a quaternary ammonium salt that can be considered quite green due to its being a vitamin B derivative (and having provitamin status in Europe), making it a common additive to livestock feed.…”