Preparation of a New Polymeric Deep Eutectic Solvent and Its Application in Vortex-Assisted Liquid-Liquid Microextraction of Parabens in Foods, Cosmetics and Pharmaceutical Products

Extraction of parabens from personal care products using a pH-responsive hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent: experimental design and COSMO-RS evaluations

“…Several research groups also used LLME assisted by different DESs in the extraction of parabens from diverse matrices. 26–29 Three of the published studies were comparable with our method in terms of LODs, extraction time, and repeatability. 26,28,29 Ge et al 26,29 used two different HDESs in the extraction process to confine the solubility of the solvent in an aqueous solution.…”

Recent Advances in Sample Preparation for Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Analysis

“…The abundant contact surface of the fine droplets and the solvent phase greatly enhances the extraction efficiency, thus reducing the solvent volume needed and the extraction time [ 140 ]. DLLME has been applied for the cosmetics’ extraction of a broad range of compounds including preservatives, fragrances, phthalates, and acrylamide [ 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 ]. The most critical experimental parameters affecting DLLME such as dispersive solvent, extraction solvent and volume, and extraction time, were optimized to obtain the highest extraction efficiency.…”

“…The most critical experimental parameters affecting DLLME such as dispersive solvent, extraction solvent and volume, and extraction time, were optimized to obtain the highest extraction efficiency. High density solvents such as chloroform [ 96 , 98 , 99 , 100 ], dichloromethane [ 97 ] or carbon tetrachloride [ 102 ] were the most employed ones, although the use of environmentally friendly alternatives, such as polymeric DES composed of DL-menthol and polyethylene glycol, has been proposed for the extraction of parabens from leave-on cosmetics [ 101 ]. Recently, anisole, a bio-derived solvent, was employed for the DLLME of UV filters from sunscreens, showing its suitability as a green alternative to classical organic solvents, not only to determine the target compounds’ concentration in the formulations, but also in the skin after sunscreen application [ 103 ].…”

“…Recently, anisole, a bio-derived solvent, was employed for the DLLME of UV filters from sunscreens, showing its suitability as a green alternative to classical organic solvents, not only to determine the target compounds’ concentration in the formulations, but also in the skin after sunscreen application [ 103 ]. To improve the dispersion of the solvent into the cosmetic matrix, VA-DLLME has been mainly employed [ 100 , 101 ], although the use of ultrasonic radiation (US), ultrasonic nebulization (UNE) or magnetic-stirring to assist in the DLLME of parabens, phthalates, UV filters and dyes have been also reported [ 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 ]. For some analytes, especially for the more polar ones such as atranol and chloroatranol, in situ derivatization was performed to enhance their chromatographic response before GC analysis [ 99 ].…”

Use of green alternative solvents in dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction: A review

“…In this sense, TBAB and malonic acid remained in the water and hexanoic acid is separated on the top of the water solution and it can be separated and be introduced directly into the LC system. During the same year, Ge et al [71] synthesized a DES composed of menthol and polyethylene glycol for the determination of parabens in different kinds of samples. Polyethylene glycol has the potential to substitute classical solvents due to its low toxicity to humans and the environment [72].…”