Preparation of 4(5)-vinylimidazole-co-acrylic acid copolymer and thermal performances related to applicability as PEM fuel cells

Jithunsa, Manita; Tashiro, Kohji; Nunes, Suzana Pereira; Chirachanchai, Suwabun

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.03.018

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Increase in 〈R〉 value of copolymers indicated increase in free volume, which facilitated molecular segmental motion easily, leading to decrease in T g values. Similar observation was made by Greenwald and Luskin [34] for drop in T g values of poly(sodium acrylate-co-AA) from 250 to 106°C and Jithunsa et al [35] for poly(vinyl imidazole-co-AA) from T g value of 191 to 106°C. The change in T g value of these copolymers was due to the different percentage of AA content.…”

Section: Moisture Absorptionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Moreover, the degradation in the temperature range of 280 to 410°C was due to the degradation of pendant groups of AA and BLM. The complete degradation around 600°C belongs to the C-C bond cleavage of polymer backbone [35]. Comparing the 10, 25, and 50% weight loss and T max values of poly(BLM-co-AA)s, increasing the content of BLM in copolymers increased the thermal stability of copolymers.…”

Section: Tga Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Effect of butyl lactate methacrylate content on the properties of acrylic acid copolymers

Purushothaman¹,

Krishnan

Nayak

2016

Polym. Sci. Ser. A

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In the present work, the effect of butyl lactate methacrylate (BLM) content on the properties of acrylic acid (AA) copolymers was investigated. The BLM monomer was synthesized by reacting butyl lactate with methacrylic acid through azeotropic distillation method, which was confirmed by Mass spectrometric technique. Copolymers were synthesized by free-radical solution polymerization technique to obtain poly(BLM-co-AA). BLM monomer and copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR) and proton decoupled 13 C-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The Finemann-Ross method was used to determine the reactivity ratio of AA and BLM and the values were found to be 0.79 and 0.39, respectively. The wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) studies exhibited that the increase in BLM content in copolymers, shifted the amorphous halo from 21.34° to 15.39° and also increased the average molecular interchain spacing (〈R〉) from 5.20 to 7.18 Å, which was calculated from 2θ values of amorphous halo of copolymers. Moisture absorption of polymers followed Fickian absorption. Depending upon the copolymer composition, relative humidity and time, the moisture absorption of copolymers can be tuned to a wide range from 11 to 35% (wt/wt). Glass transition temperature of copolymers decreased from 106 to 72.1°C with increase in BLM content. Copolymers were thermally stable up to 150°C and thereafter exhibited three-step thermal degradation in nitrogen atmosphere. Thermal stability of copolymers can be explained on the basis of 〈R〉 value.

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Section: Moisture Absorptionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Tga Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of butyl lactate methacrylate content on the properties of acrylic acid copolymers

Purushothaman¹,

Krishnan

Nayak

2016

Polym. Sci. Ser. A

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“…The water channels of SPEEK membrane, which is narrower and has less connected hydrophilic channels compared to that of Nafion membrane help to reduce the problems associated with high water drag at high temperature . The polymer membrane blended with heterocyclic material can enhance the proton conductivity to range of 10 −3 –10 −2 S cm −1 above 120 °C …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 The water channels of SPEEK membrane, which is narrower and has less connected hydrophilic channels compared to that of Nafion membrane help to reduce the problems associated with high water drag at high temperature. [7][8][9] The polymer membrane blended with heterocyclic material can enhance the proton conductivity to range of 10 −3 -10 −2 S cm −1 above 120 C. [10][11][12][13][14][15] Various simulations and calculation approaches have been used to determine the molecular structure adaptability and proton transfer properties in the perfluorinated Nafion membranes and alternative material like SPEEK membranes. 16,17 Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the transport dynamics inside a hydrated Nafion and SPEEK membranes and showed that the hydrated SPEEK has less hydrophobic and hydrophilic separation than the Nafion due to the larger interface and separation of neighboring sulfonic acid functional groups.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and transport phenomena of urocanate‐based proton carrier in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membrane composite

Nimmanpipug

Kodchakorn

Lee

et al. 2018

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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Proton transport is one of crucial phenomena in electrolytic part highly considered to overcome a limit in fuel cell efficiency improvement. Proton conducting organic electrolyte was modeled and simulated at atomistic level of calculation by doping of butyl urocanate (C4U), a composite material with imidazole substructure, with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) amorphous membrane at various working temperature. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate structural and dynamics characteristic of C4U in the membrane comparing with the SPEEK‐hydronium membrane model as a control. From simulations, thermal effect on water and proton carriers cluster surrounding the sulfonate groups was explored. At higher temperature, the more transport dynamics of C4U ions in SPEEK membranes were found than that of hydronium ions in the control system. Likewise, phase separation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts was taken into consideration here. A critical role of the enhancing proton conductivity by increasing the diffusion coefficient at temperature beyond C4U melting point in composite polymer membrane was emphasized. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 1625–1635

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“…4,8 The compound 4-vinylimidazole has received considerable attention as a component of proton-conducting copolymers 9 in applications such as polymer membrane fuel cells. 10 Polymers containing 4-vinylimidazole also have been found to exhibit catalytic activity, functioning as potential coenzyme mimics. 11 In our own study, the attempted vapor-phase microwave spectroscopic structural study of (1) has led fortuitously to a similar study of the comparably important compound (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave spectrum, structure, tautomeric, and conformational composition of 4-vinylimidazole

Godfrey

Robertson

2012

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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The microwave spectra of the two conformers each, of the 1H and 3H tautomers of 4-vinylimidazole, have been measured in the 48-72 GHz spectral region. The 4-vinylimidazole was generated in situ by the facile decarboxylation of urocanic acid at its vaporization temperature of 220 °C. The recognition of this reaction casts doubt on the reliability of a previous published spectroscopic study apparently mistakenly thought to be of uncontaminated vaporized urocanic acid, a natural product of great interest in skin cancer etiology. Quantum chemical theoretical predictions of the structures of each of ten possible conformers∕tautomers of urocanic acid and four of 4-vinylimidazole were performed at the ab initio MP2∕cc-pVTZ level, with vibrational predictions at the B3LYP∕cc-pVTZ and M062X∕cc-pVTZ levels. The predicted values of rotational constants for all the urocanic acid species were found to be quite inconsistent with those of the four observed spectra. For the 4-vinylimidazole isomers, the calculated relative energies suggested that all four species would have substantial equilibrium mole fractions at 220 °C. The isomers were identified by matching the observed and calculated rotational constants. The resulting assignment was found to be consistent with the predicted and observed (14)N nuclear quadrupole hyperfine multiplet patterns for a suitable rotational transition, and with the observed versus empirically calculated inertial defects. With one exception, the predicted structures were found to be planar. Resembling the case of 1-vinylimidazole, where one conformer is nonplanar, one isomer of 4-vinylimidazole was found to be quasiplanar. This seems to belong to a class of spontaneous symmetry-breaking observed in the molecular structure of some otherwise planar vinyl aromatic compounds.

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Preparation of 4(5)-vinylimidazole-co-acrylic acid copolymer and thermal performances related to applicability as PEM fuel cells

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of butyl lactate methacrylate content on the properties of acrylic acid copolymers

Effect of butyl lactate methacrylate content on the properties of acrylic acid copolymers

Structural and transport phenomena of urocanate‐based proton carrier in sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) membrane composite

Microwave spectrum, structure, tautomeric, and conformational composition of 4-vinylimidazole

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