Preparation, Modification, and Application of Starch Nanocrystals in Nanomaterials: A Review

Lin, Ning; Huang, Jin; Chang, Peter R.; Anderson, Debbie P.; Yu, Jiahui

doi:10.1155/2011/573687

Cited by 176 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The type of nano-clay used significantly influenced the tensile and water vapor barrier properties of the composite films with the exception of cloisite30B, which had no negative effect. In addition, WPIcloisite30b composite film showed a beneficially bactereo-static effect against gram-positive bacteria [211][212][213][214] .…”

Section: Lipid Based Nano-compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Mitra

2014

DSJ

162

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IntroductIonDevelopment of advanced polymer composite materials having superior mechanical properties opened up new horizons in the engineering field. Advantages such as corrosion resistance, electrical insulation, easy processability at relatively less energy requirement in tooling and assembly costs, higher stiffness and strength, fatigue resistance and lower weight than metals have made polymer composite widely acceptable in structural applications. The so-called advanced composites have replaced metals because of their excellent mechanical properties and low density giving them high specific strength and stiffness 1 . Such weight savings are highly desirable for applications in aerospace to transportation to reduce weight and associated fuel consumption. Another distinct advantage is their ability to be engineered to obtain required properties in different directions by appropriate fiber placing in different layers of the laminated structure.Composite properties depend on the properties of the constituent materials i.e. the fibers and resins used. The strength and stiffness of the composites are directly a function of the reinforcing fiber properties which carry most of the load and their volume content. The resin helps to maintain the relative position of the fibers within the composite and, more importantly, transfers the load from the bottom fibers to the intact fibers. As a result, fiber/resin interfacial properties are also important and have a significant effect on composite properties including toughness and transverse fracture stress. To fabricate high strength composites, all three factors namely fiber properties, resin properties as well as fiber/resin interface characteristics are critical.Currently most of the fibers and resins are derived from petroleum feed stocks and do not degrade for several decades under normal environmental conditions 2 . Composites made from thermosetting resins cannot be reprocessed or recycled, however, a small fraction of these thermosetting composites are crushed into powder used as filler or incinerated to obtain energy in the form of heat, most of them end up in land-fills at the end of their life. In anaerobic conditions, such as those in land -fills, the petroleum based composites may not degrade making that land unavailable for any other use. On the other hand, incineration produces toxic gases and requires expensive scrubbers. Both incineration and dumping in land-fills are environmentally undesirable as well as expensive. In the future, these methods of disposing of composites are expected to get even more expensive as the pollution laws all over the world get stricter and the number of land -fills decline. In addition, at the present rate of consumption, the world petroleum resources are estimated to last for the next 50 years or so 2 . Thus, there is a great interest generated in developing green composites using fully sustainable, biodegradable, environment friendly and annually renewable fibers and resins, particularly those derived from plants 3 . A variet...

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Section: Lipid Based Nano-compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environment Friendly Composite Materials: Biocomposites and Green Composites

Mitra

2014

DSJ

162

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“…Food ingredients and functional food sector has been growing from the macro scale molecules to micro and currently nano scale [13][14][15][16]. While micro and nano-sized food particles are believed to have better absorption, stabilization ability and solubility etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic Modification of Selected Polysaccharides-Review

Ogutu¹,

Mu²,

Elahi³

et al. 2015

J Food Process Technol

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This review is a survey on ultrasonic application in selected carbohydrate polymers based upon available research reports. It covers a brief discussion on the fundamentals of ultrasound technology, before delving on the effects of ultrasound on specific polymers; pectin, chitin, starch, carrageenan and guar gum, their modification products and possible applications in food, pharmaceutical, biomedical and packaging sectors. Sonication generally leads to depolymerization and side chain break within molecules resulting into oligosugars. Oligosugars are widely used as prebiotics and specific delivery systems; moreover, nano sized products of sonication can be applied in diverse fields. Presently, ultrasonic is finding application in wider sectors therefore better understanding of the complex physico-chemical changes and mechanism of the action of high-intensity ultrasound and its effect on techno-functional properties of compounds would immensely fortify the application of ultrasonic technology.

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“…Acid hydrolysis is also used to determine the degree of crystallinity of native starches (Buléon, et al, 1998) and to prepare starch nanocrystals (Lin, et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%