Curcumin is an inhibitor of p300 histone acetyltransferase activity, which is associated with the deterioration of heart failure. We reported that native curcumin, at a dosage of 50 mg/kg, prevented deterioration of the systolic function in rat models of heart failure. To achieve more efficient oral pharmacological therapy against heart failure by curcumin, we have developed a novel drug delivery system (DDS) which markedly increases plasma curcumin levels. At the dosage of 0.5 mg/kg, DDS curcumin but not native curcumin restored left ventricular fractional shortening in post-myocardial infarction rats. Thus, our DDS strategy will be applicable to the clinical setting in humans.Key words curcumin; drug delivery system; heart failure Signals through hemodynamic overload finally reach the nuclei of cardiac myocytes and activate hypertrophy-responsive transcriptional factors such as GATA-binding protein 4, myocyte enhancer factor 2 and serum response factor. 1,2) Activities of these factors are regulated by histone deacetylases and an intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT), p300.3-5) Curcumin is an inhibitor of p300 HAT activity and widely employed as a healthy food diet. Recently, we have reported that native curcumin, at the dosage of 50 mg/kg, prevents the deterioration of systolic function in rat models of hypertension-or myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure.6,7) However, native curcumin powder is insoluble in water, and the absorption of orally administered curcumin is limited. While curcumin, at 50 mg/kg/d, may be safe in humans, 8) the intestinal absorption efficiency at this dosage is inadequate in this form. Since the amount of daily water intake is limited in patients with congestive heart failure, a large volume of water to take medicine is a burden for these patients. Therefore, a more efficient system for heart failure therapy will be desirable in actual clinical practice. We have developed a curcumin drug delivery system (DDS), by which the absorption efficiency is much more favorable than that of native curcumin powder.9)The present study examined a hypothesis that this system is useful for heart failure therapy in post-MI rats.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Preparation of DDS CurcuminCurcumin powder was extracted from Indian turmeric by using alcohol. DDS of curcumin preparation was previously described. 9) Shortly, gum ghatti, mainly consists of polysaccharides, obtained from the exudation of ghatti trees, was dissolved in water to make gum ghatti solution. Curcumin powder was mixed into this solution, and water and glycerin were added to adjust the weight. This mixture was ground by a wet grinding mill (DYNO-MILL ® KDL, Willy A Bachofen AG, Switzerland), and then, dispersed by a high-pressure homogenizer (Homogenizer 15MR-8TA, APV Gaulin). DDS curcumin consisted of 10 w/w% curcumin, 2% other curcuminoids such as demethoxycurcumin and isdemethoxycurcumin, 46% glycerin, 4% gum ghatti, and 38% water.Chemicals Curcumin powder, mepronil, β-glucuronidase (from Helix pomatia), distilled water (H 2...