Preparation, characterization and use in emulsion polymerization of acrylated alkyl ethoxylate surface-active monomers

Reactive Surfactants

“…And indeed, stability problems have been observed in several cases for INISURFS, SURFMERS; and TRANSURFS [23]. For instance, it turned out that acrylated alkyl ethoxylate surfactants are significantly less effective as stabilizers in styrene, vinyl acetate (VAC), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) emulsion polymerization than the non-reactive analogues [24]. With respect to polymerization phenomena, the selfaggregation (micellization and/or adsorption) leads to a non-isotropic distribution of the reactive surfactants as well as to a spatial fixation.…”

Reactive surfactants in heterophase polymerization

“…As the surface properties of the surfactants are affected by the length and characteristics of both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts [106,107] (one measure of this property is the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, HLB), and the location of the surfmer determines its polymerization behavior, it is expected that the performance of the surfmers will be affected directly by the length and characteristics of both parts of the molecule. Schoonbrood and Asua [64] carried out high solids (50 wt%) seeded semicontinuous emulsion terpolymerizations of styrene-butyl acrylateacrylic acid using two maleate surfmers of different length of the hydrophobic part (dodecyl sulfopropyl maleate, M12, and tetradecyl sulfopropyl maleate, M14).…”

Aggregation and Polymerization of Amphiphilic Macromonomers with a Double Bond at the Hydrophilic Terminal

“…These polymerizable surfactants can be use also as steric stabilizer in emulsion polymerization methods (1). Several modifications of the basic structure are possible, leading to variations in the architecture of the final comb polymer (2)(3)(4)(5). It is important to understand the reactivity of this family of macromonomers in homo and copolymerization reactions to obtain the desired degree of polymerization and yield.…”